河北大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (4): 63-78.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-6378.2025.04.007

• 经济学研究 • 上一篇    

特朗普两任期税收政策对华影响分析

白彦锋   

  1. 中央财经大学 财政税务学院, 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-10 发布日期:2025-07-03
  • 作者简介:白彦锋(1976—),男,河北新乐人,博士,中央财经大学财政税务学院/中国财政发展协同创新中心教授、博士生导师,主要研究方向:财政理论与政策。中国社会科学院大学马玲对本文亦有贡献。

Analysis of the Impact of Trumps Two Term Fiscal and Tax Policies on China

BAI Yanfeng   

  1. School of Finance and Taxation, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2025-04-10 Published:2025-07-03

摘要: 特朗普在其第一次担任美国总统(2017—2020年)任期内,实施了一系列税收政策,包括签署《减税与就业法案》,对中国发动“贸易战”等等。这些政策虽然确实在一定程度上促进了美国经济增长与就业规模的扩大,但其奉行的单边贸易保护主义严重扰乱了国际贸易秩序,给全球经济复苏与可持续发展带来了诸多不确定性。而特朗普在2025年上台担任新一任期美国总统后,又对外实施了一连串的关税政策。结合特朗普第一任期内颁布的《减税与就业法案》及其对美国国内外产生的影响,系统分析了特朗普新一任期税收政策的潜在影响及给我国带来的问题和挑战。于我国而言,特朗普第二任期的相关税收政策冲击了我国的出口行业和供应链产业,导致企业竞争加剧,资本外流风险增加,并导致国际贸易关系恶化。对此,我国必须相应采取一系列的措施以应对其对我国造成的冲击,具体而言:我国应加大创新研发支持力度,完善“人才引进”政策,优化产业结构,保持我国企业的核心竞争力,还要加强国际对话与交流,积极寻求多元化的贸易伙伴,尽量减少美国贸易政策对我国的冲击。

关键词: 特朗普, 美国税收政策, 关税

Abstract: During his first term as President of the United States(2017-2020),Trump implemented a series of fiscal and tax policies,including signing the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and launching a “trade war” against China.Although these policies have to some extent promoted economic growth and employment expansion in the United States,their unilateral trade protectionism seriously disrupts the international trade order and brings many uncertainties to global economic recovery and sustainable development.After Trump was successfully elected in the US presidential election in 2024 and took office as the new US president in 2025,he implemented a series of tariff policies that would impact Chinas export and supply chain industries,intensify competition among enterprises,increase the risk of capital outflow,and potentially worsen international trade relations.In response,China can take measures such as increasing research and development support,optimizing industrial structure,and strengthening international exchanges to maintain the core competitiveness of our enterprises.

Key words: Trump, US fiscal and tax policies, tariff

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