Ideological and political education is the fine tradition and political advantage of the CPC.For more than a hundred years,the ideological and political education of the CPC has focused on the central task and overall development situation of the Party and the country in different historical periods,and comprehensively used social mobilization,typical demonstration,cultural education and governance embedding and other models to serve the country,society and people,and promote the continuous deepening development of ideological and political education.Specifically,the Party and the state utilize the social mobilization model to promote the socialization of ideological and political education through guiding broad participation;use the typical demonstration model to promote the concretization of ideological and political education while emphasizing the guidance of role models;use the cultural education model to promote the immersion of ideological and political education while adhering to the trend of cultivating people;and apply the embedding governance model to promote the institutionalization of ideological and political education while always serving the overall situation.

From the perspective of materialist conception of history and world historical thought,the transition of human history from national and state history to world history is an inevitable trend in the overall development of human society.The logic of capital proliferation brought about by the modernization of Western centrism,although created the original form of world history,the inherent contradictions in the logic of capital that cannot be overcome will inevitably lead to the end of capitalist world history.As a new form of human civilization constructed by the unique civilization paradigm of Chinese path to modernization,the community with a shared future for mankind has realized the “criticism—construction—transcendence” of the western “center—periphery” capitalist world historical model in historical narrative,further promoting the transition from the capitalist world history to the socialist world history.Therefore,the community with a shared future for mankind,as a dialectical unity of the theoretical logic of historical materialism and the historical logic of social development,has both theoretical and practical inevitability.The community of a shared future for mankind,as a global governance plan proposed by China in the unprecedented global changes,embodies the common values of humanity and the common interests of all mankind,demonstrating its generative narrative as a new form of human civilization.It continues to promote the dynamic evolution of world history.

In the Song Dynasty,the imperial examination system emphasized the legislation of selecting scholars.The “Gongju Tiao System” is a general term for the imperial examination system,which includes detailed management such as imperial edicts,decrees,forms,and standards.The imperial examination system followed the Tang system from the early Song Dynasty to the establishment of the “Imperial Examination System” during the reign of Emperor Zhenzong,which evolved from sparse to dense.The imperial examination system went through five reforms,including Emperor Renzongs “Qingli Gongju System”,Emperor Shenzongs “Xining Imperial Examination System”,Emperor Zhezongs revision of the Yuanyou and Yuanfu system,Emperor Huizongs “Zhenghe Newly Revised Gongshi Edict Format”,and the Southern Song Dynastys “Shaoxing Revised Gongshi Edict Format”.The only surviving Ding Dus “Gongju Tiao Shi” in the Song Dynasty reflects the continuous changes in the practice of the imperial examination system.The continuous revision of the imperial edicts,decrees,forms,and standards of the imperial examination system in the Song Dynasty reflects the courts emphasis on establishing the imperial examination law,with the aim of achieving fairness and impartiality in the selection of scholars through the imperial examination.This pursuit and effort were also an important reason why the imperial examination system in the Song Dynasty could continue until the Yuan,Ming,and Qing dynasties.

The Military Commission was a wartime administrative system established by the Southern Song government to strengthen regional military defense.In response to the Mongol attack of“Wofu Strategy”,The Southern Song appointed Li Zengbo as the Chief Commissioner to organize the defense of the Lingnan region by establishing the Guangnan Military Commission.The Guangnan Military Commission constructed a defense system centered on Jingjiang Prefecture,with Yongzhou as the forward stronghold based on military intelligence reconnaissance and analysis,and also gradually improved the internal defenses of Binzhou,Liuzhou,Xiangzhou,and Wuzhou through fortification construction and troop deployment.Influenced by the miasmic climate,the Guangnan Military Commission did not fully demonstrate its military effectiveness during the two Song-Mongol campaigns in Guangxi.However,its military infrastructure had a significant impact on the resistance against the Yuan in the late Southern Song period.

Affected by the changes in the waterway of the lower reaches of the Yellow River,the crossing point of the lower reaches of the Yellow River has undergone many changes in the Jin Dynasty.As an important means of transportation on both sides of the Yellow River,river bridges have also been moved and destroyed in this process.The construction of river bridges on the lower reaches of the Yellow River in the Jin Dynasty,and the change of erection locations not only reflect the changes in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and the transportation routes on both sides of the river during this period,but also mark the changes in political needs of the Jin Dynasty.

To comprehensively consolidate the foundation of food security and achieve equal emphasis on both quantity and quality in farmland protection,legislation should not only focus on protecting the quantity of farmland,but also strengthen attention to improving the quality of farmland.The legislation for improving the quality of cultivated land should be a key link in the legalization of cultivated land protection in China.The Law on the Protection and Quality Improvement of Cultivated Land has also been listed as a preliminary review item in the 2024 Legislative Work Plan of the Standing Committee of the National Peoples Congress.In order to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of legislation for improving the quality of cultivated land,it is necessary to comprehensively review and thoroughly examine existing normative documents,and explore the basic logic and normative supply of legislation on this basis.Specifically,the legislation for improving the quality of cultivated land in China needs to follow three basic logics:legal coordination,legal mutual learning,and legal spatial-temporal.The focus should be on “who will improve” and “how to improve” to systematically explain and establish systems at the legal level.

The transition from “cultivated land use regulation” in the Land Administration Law to “cultivated land planting use control” in Grain Security Guarantee Law indicates,to some extent,that the national approach to intervening in cultivated land planting use control is inclined towards emphasizing the function of market mechanisms.Cultivated land planting use control essentially signifies the states pursuit of a balance between the internal and external benefits of cultivated land,while embedding legislative intent to optimize cultivated land structure.An examination of Chinas cultivated land planting use control system reveals several issues:insufficient institutional depth in spatial planning,ineffective incentive mechanisms for cultivated land protection and utilization,operational challenges in cultivated land planting use control,and the predicament of conflicting multiple values in cultivated land planting use control.The key to improving the cultivated land planting use control system lies in clarifying the boundaries of government intervention in the market,adapting the territorial spatial plan system,reinforcing incentive mechanisms for arable land protection and utilization,and further optimizing the management functions of rural collective economic organizations.

The advent of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence,meta-universe and internet of things has brought the fourth industrial revolution with data-intelligence technology as the core,and mankind has entered the era of data intelligence.The large-scale application of dataintelligence technology puts forward new requirements for humanistic education,and data-intelligence humanistic education has emerged in response.With the background of data intelligence technology and the two-way coupling of data intelligence and human intelligence as its essential feature,data-intelligence humanistic education is committed to helping human beings to explore the meaning of life and arouse life consciousness.Data-intelligence humanistic education is based on data-intelligence humanistic quality,data-intelligence humanistic thinking and data-intelligence humanistic spirit.Data-intelligence humanities education is a response to the era of data intelligence in the field of education,and has bright prospects in personalized teaching,coping with human career crisis and lifelong education.

The rapid development and widespread application of digital technology have driven the digital transformation of education,causing a shift in traditional teaching methods and forming an educational environment that combines human intelligence and machine intelligence for human-machine collaboration.With the continuous empowerment of digital technology in the field of education,the development of students subjectivity produces new forms of expression:the strengthening of students autonomy,the extension of students initiative,and the improvement of students creativity.However,while digital technology empowers the development of students subjectivity,it also puts the development of students subjectivity in a dilemma.The specific manifestations are:excessive autonomy of digital technology weakens students autonomy;digital technology embedded teaching weakens students initiative;over-reliance on technology destroys students creativity;virtual space weakens students emotional interactivity.Therefore,in order to break the dilemma of students subjectivity development in educational digitalization,it is necessary to adhere to the value intention of “cultivating people” and form a correct view of educational subjectivity;correctly understand the “human-computer relationship” and promote students to form correct values:strengthen students digital literacy and stimulate their creativity;and focus on the humanistic care of digital teaching and enhance students “emotional temperature”.

While generative AI brings technological breakthroughs and improves efficiency,it has also evolved into an invisible technological risk in the public view.This research is grounded in the perspective of the semantic imagery of technological risks and employs computational text analysis,integrating LDA topic modeling,word vector models,and semantic networks to analyze discussions on AI risks within online communities(Zhihu).Results show that public perceptions of AI risks focus on the short-term risks of ChatGPT in information dissemination and the long-term risks of AI in human society.Public risk perception exhibits an individualization trend,with AI being viewed as a low-harm risk of voluntary involvement,while cognitively triggering public uncertainty.The identification of risk types by individuals is focused on national security risks and personal economic risks,presenting a cognitive framework that combines macro-politics with micro-individual interests.The public mainly adopts two coping strategies:a knowledge-centered self-learning strategy and an industry-centered collective response strategy,ultimately forming four risk semantic images including technological regulation,technological governance,survival adaptation,and systemic resonance.