关键词: 先秦, 儒家, 自省意识, 私德

Abstract: Confucianism is the study of self-cultivation.From the son of heaven to the common people,self-cultivation is the basis of self-cultivation,so self-examination is the only way for Confucianism to learn self-cultivation.The self-examination consciousness of the Pre-Qin Confucians laid the foundation of the self-examination theory of the Confucians.Confucius and seventy disciples of Confucius,Mencius and Xunzi all had specific self-examination thoughts.Confucius self-examination and self litigation,Mencius self reflection and self-examination,Xunzis self-examination and self-awareness are the classic expression of the Confucians self-examination thoughts,which initially established the Confucians in such important aspects as introspection,study and morality The theory system of introspection has become the ideological source and theoretical basis for the self-examination consciousness of Confucianism in the Han and Tang Dynasties and Neo Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties.Although the self-examination consciousness of the Pre-Qin Confucians is simple and unsystematic,it shows the theoretical characteristics of subjectivity,consciousness,musical sense and humanity as a whole.The self-examination consciousness of the Pre-Qin Confucians is a watershed to divide the gentleman and the villain.It is an important rule to deal with the relationship between man and himself.It opens up the tradition of self-examination of Confucians,and provides the ideological resources and important enlightenment for the promotion of the current moral construction of citizens and the awakening of the contemporary self-examination consciousness.

Key words: the Pre-Qin period, Confucianism, self-reflection consciousness, private morality