关键词: 吉田松阴, 松下村塾, 日本私塾教育

Abstract: In late Tokugawa shogunate, when facing the wide spread national crisis and shogunate system failure, the aspiring Japanese elite, especially the warrior class, began to realize only by reforming and striving for strength can the country survive the danger of becoming a semi-colony. Therefore, warrior reformists like Yoshida Shōin, upheld the flag “revere the Emperor, expelled the barbarians”, actively learned the advanced knowledge and culture of the West, through which they realized the world situation. They opened schools to teach innovative thoughts to the intelligent young people who inherited their will of reforming and strengthening the country. During his short teaching time, Yoshida Shōin and Shōka Sonjuku( the most representative educators and private schools of late Tokugawa shogunate )cultivated lots of famous Meiji Restoration politicians like Kusaka Genzui, Takasugi Shinsaku, Kido Takayoshi, Itō Hirobumi, Yamagata Aritomo, Inoue Kaoru and achieved immortal accomplishments in the history of Japanese education.

Key words: Yoshida Shōin, Shōka Sonjuku, Sijyuku education of Japanese