关键词: 美国, 高等教育, 改革发展, 启示

Abstract: In order to achieve prosperity,higher education needs to adapt to the economic and social development,follow the law of education,and constantly explore and research.Americas higher education was born in the wake of Columbuss discovery of the American continent and the ensuing massive immigration.It featured different patterns in different periods.Though profoundly influenced by England and characterized by considerable variations across colonies and institutions,higher education during the colonial period nevertheless laid a solid foundation for future development.From Independence to the eve of the Civil War,the separation of powers in education was established,which led to diversity in funding sources and educational models.The establishment of Morrill Act and land-grant universities from the second World War to the Civil War,and the introduction of sequent bills marked the formal entry of American higher education into a period of great development.Between the end of World War II and the end of the 20th century,The G.I Bill,the establishment of community colleges,The National Defense Education Act,and The Higher Education Act together brought about an unprecedented boom in U.S.higher education.The 21st century has witnessed continuing reform and innovation in higher education,as evidenced by myriad laws,policy reports,and action plans.To study the development and reform of American higher education and learn from its historical experience and lessions is of great practical significance to countries committed to enhancing the quality and competitiveneses of high education.

Key words: the United States, higher education, reform and development, enlightenment