关键词: 单子, 世界, 反实在论, 二元论, 意向性

Abstract: Monadism is the metaphysical part of the whole system of Leibniz’s philosophy. Monad means einfache Substanz which is of no extension, separability and passivity. The most important determination of Monad is the ability of presentation which sometimes is called its ability of perception and intention. There is certain relationship between one and another monad included in every monad, and this relationship is the moment that another monad is presented in every monad. Thus, every monad is a mirror of the world, in other words, the world is the presentation of monad. Monadism is a typical mode of anti-realism and idealism because it says that the world is the presentation of monad and the idealism issue means exactly the dependence of the world on mind in the context of contemporary realism and anti-realism. However, in the appearance of phenomenology, Heidegger reinterpreted monad as more original intentionality and transcendence, and he brought the Monadism into the tradition of phenomenological intentionality theory. Then, Heidegger and the new Monadism may succeed in avoiding mind-body dualism and surpassing the frame of realism and anti-realism.

Key words: monad, world, anti-realism, dualism, intentionality