关键词: 高等教育, 产业结构, 科类结构, 就业结构

Abstract: The degree of adaptation between the discipline structure and the industrial structure determines the driving force of higher education for economic development.This paper will link the supply of higher education talents with the demand for industrial labor through the analysis of the employment situation of college students,and explore how to optimize the discipline structure of higher education to meet the needs of industrial structure.Based on the national college student employment sampling survey data of Peking University,this study uses the industry-discipline employment matrix to determine the basic proportion of different disciplines of talents required by each industry,and transforms the talent demand of each industry into the demand for discipline talents.The results show that the employment of college students is first manifested as total unemployment,and the unemployment rate of all disciplines exceeds 20%.Adjusting the proportion of disciplines on the basis of the existing discipline structure cannot fundamentally alleviate the problem of employment.There is no simple employment correspondence between disciplines and industries.Industrial development requires professionals from different disciplines.Graduates from various disciplines are also distributed in different industries of the national economy.Among them,engineering graduates account for the largest proportion of employment in the secondary and tertiary industries and the second in the primary industry.The results of the three-layer interactive classification model show that there is no significant difference in the starting salary of graduates among industries.More than 60% of college students gather in the tertiary industry for employment,which is not a wage driven employment transfer,but because the tertiary industry has a strong ability to absorb high-end labor.The first industry has the highest matching rate of learning and employment,while most industries in the tertiary industry pay more attention to the comprehensive quality and ability of graduates.Different industries have different needs for college students’ professional specific skills and general skills.Different disciplines of higher education should adopt different labor market docking strategies.This research also puts forward suggestions on the structural adjustment of each discipline based on the employment rate of graduates,the matching degree between learning and employment and the starting salary.

Key words: higher education, industrial structure, discipline structure, employment structure