Abstract: The adjustment or reform of the family planning reward and assistant policies is necessary with the change of fertility policy, which should be adhered to the principle of “old way before two-child policy” and “new approach after two-child policy” in the current circumstances. For those families complying with former fertility policy, especially the one-child family, the reward and assistant policies should be carried on in order to honor the CPC Central Committee “open letter” commitment to reflect the credibility of the CPC and the government. But for those families to bear children after the implementation of the “advocating two-child” policy, the “child-rearing allowance” or “maternity allowance” system should be urgent to put into practice, which is not only the recognition and compensation of social value of fertility, but an important guarantee for “encouraging childbirth according to policy”. Now it is time to construct a double-track System for those families of “old way before two-child policy” and ”new approach after two-child policy”, according to the principle of maintaining the national treasury supporting system, fairness and impartiality, ensuring the focus and overall coordination. The fertility supporting policies should be formed systematically to better meet the interests of the families complying with the family planning policy, which might guarantee the smooth implementation of the “comprehensive two children” policy to promote long-term balanced development of population.

Key words: adjustment of fertility policy, policy reform of reward and assistant system, “comprehensive two children” policy, “old way before two-child policy and new approach after two-child policy”