During the thirteen years of Yanan,the Communist Party of China constructed the New-democratic cultural form under the guidance of Marxism.CPC carried forward the ideological essence of Marxism,inherited and carried forward the excellent traditional chinese culture,accomplished the task of cultural revolution of removing the old and bringing in the new,and responded to the long-standing “controversy between ancient-modern China and the west”.CPC has accurately grasped the dialectical relationship between the new and the old,between content and form,and has constructed a New-democratic cultural form that unites advanced content and national form,which met the spiritual need to regain the nations cultural confidence,the revolutionary need to oppose wrong tendencies about traditional culture,and the value need to mobilize the people to build new cultural forms.The cultural form of New-democratic provides a reference for the construction of cultural form of Chinese path to modernization,must consistently adhere to scientific thought,be firm on the Chinese path,and are committed to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

The concept that“lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets” originated from General SecretaryXi Jinpings profound insight into practice and his grasp of the regularity.It profoundly reveals the intrinsic mechanism of the transformation of ecological value into economic value,and systematically expounds the dialectical unity of development and protection.As the core concept and identifying idea of Xi Jinping Thought onEco-Civilization,this concept serves as a scientific guide for developing green productive forces,is the crystallization and model of the “two combinations”,and is a major principle for advancing the construction of Chinese-style modernization.It provides value guidance for Chinas ecological civilization construction and also offers a Chinese solution to the world for resolving the contradiction between development and protection.In the new era,deepening practice requires further promoting the coordinated development of industrial ecologicalization and ecological industrialization,improve the mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products,accelerate the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development,deepen the reform of the ecological civilization system,and accelerate the improvement and implementation of the institutional mechanisms for the concept that “Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets”,so as to comprehensively promote the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature through the construction of Beautiful China.

During the Tang and Song Dynasties,copper coins underwent a complete transformation from weak supply to abundant supply.This process follows the two basic principles of making profits when casting coins and being determined by the state,but its effectiveness is constrained by factors such as the supply and demand relationship of copper coins, the development of mining and metallargy,and the private money market.The revenue of official coinage decreases with the increase of coinage,and the cost of coinage decreases with the increase of coinage.When the revenue of coinage equals the cost of coinage,a “critical point of coinage” is formed,which is the limit of the scale of official coinage.During the mid to late Tang Dynasty,the high cost of minting coins due to inefficient mining capabilities led to the early arrival of the critical point for minting coins,resulting in a sustained lack of supply of official copper coins.The government was trapped in the dilemma of increasing minting losses and reducing minting power,and private money continuously squeezed out official copper coins.During the Five Dynasties period,the northern regime attempted to increase the actual purchasing power of official copper coins by banning private money and admitting a customary rule among the people.The southern regime adopted the practice of casting lead iron coins and enforced the equal circulation of lead iron coins and copper coins in an attempt to reduce the cost of casting coins,but none of them were able to reverse the decline of official copper coins.After the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty,the increasing scale of fiscal and market monetization stimulated the demand for copper coins and boosted their purchasing power.The Song court also established a series of effective mining governance systems,stabilized the supply of mineral materials,and vigorously rectified private money through financial hubs,achieving the combination of copper coin system and credit system.This not only laid the foundation for large-scale copper coin minting in the early and middle stages,but also greatly delayed the arrival of the critical point for official copper coin minting.

In the imperial examinations of the Song Dynasty,cheating with cheating sheet was a serious problem,to the extent that cheating became prevalent.The reasons for cheating in the Song Dynastys imperial examinations were political corruption,ineffective enforcement of laws and regulations,and the development of cheating methods.In response to the serious problem of cheating that disrupted the order of the imperial examination,the Song Dynasty established a relatively complete imperial examination invigilation law,mainly including the entrance search law,seat law,and patrol law.At the beginning of the Song Dynasty,there was no entrance search law for examination venues.It was not until the reign of Emperor Zhenzong of Song that the entrance search law was established and adjusted.Afterwards,the Song court repeatedly reiterated the prohibition of candidates from entering examination venues under the guise of coercion.The Song Dynasty implemented the seat law in the palace examination,provincial examination,and imperial examination.In the early Song Dynasty,the Song court set up patrol officers in the imperial examination field to be responsible for inspection work.During the reign of Emperor Renzong of Song,Ouyang Xius patrol examination method marked the initial formation of the Song Dynastys patrol inspecting method in the venues for the imperial examinations,and the subsequent development and changes of the patrol inspecting method were mostly adjusted and improved on this basis.The continuous development and improvement of the imperial examination invigilation law in the Song Dynasty to a certain extent prevented and curbed the rampant cheating in the imperial examination,maintained the normal order of the examination and the fairness and impartiality of the examination.

As a way to praise ancestors and offer sacrifices to gods,Han suburban temple songs also serve the function of expressing disaster relief.The songs and lyrics of suburban temples expressed the distinct sense of disaster relief in the Han Dynasty.By sorting out the disaster relief writing in suburban temple lyrics,it was found that they targeted astronomical,geological,meteorological and other disaster phenomena,and combined with the Confucian classics and social trends at that time,displayed distinct characteristics of the times,including four aspects:firstly,the deification was used to promote the desting and royal power and eliminate political crises caused by disasters.Secondly,the use of royal power in lyrics was used to declare the monarchs authority to redaim the four barbarians.The third was the orderliness of the lyrics,which aimed to eliminate disasters from the root by conveying the traditional concept of following the times.The fourth was the secularization of the lyrics,which aimed at the people to stabilize their minds.The expression of disaster consciousness in the lyrics of Han Dynasty suburban temple songs is a vivid reflection of the political ideals and ambitions of the Han Empire.

When studying topics in Chinese philosophy,one should first distinguish among natural philosophy,philosophy of divine will,and philosophy of life,and approach Chinese philosophy from the perspective of philosophy of life.One should not simply copy the models of natural philosophy or the philosophy of divine will.Secondly,it is necessary to start from the fundamental issues specific to Chinese philosophy itself,instead of applying the basic issues as presented in textbooks,so as to truly distill the topics of Chinese philosophy.Finally,it is essential to showcase the distinctive thinking characteristics of Chinese philosophy through these topics and explore the resources for the construction of socialist spiritual civilization.

During his first term as President of the United States(2017-2020),Trump implemented a series of fiscal and tax policies,including signing the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and launching a “trade war” against China.Although these policies have to some extent promoted economic growth and employment expansion in the United States,their unilateral trade protectionism seriously disrupts the international trade order and brings many uncertainties to global economic recovery and sustainable development.After Trump was successfully elected in the US presidential election in 2024 and took office as the new US president in 2025,he implemented a series of tariff policies that would impact Chinas export and supply chain industries,intensify competition among enterprises,increase the risk of capital outflow,and potentially worsen international trade relations.In response,China can take measures such as increasing research and development support,optimizing industrial structure,and strengthening international exchanges to maintain the core competitiveness of our enterprises.

The collective action capacity of rural areas is not only the core driving force for rural revitalization,but also an important indicator for measuring the modernization of rural governance.With the acceleration of urbanization,the collective action capacity of rural areas has declined,and the weakening of action effectiveness has become an urgent reality that needs to be solved.The improvement of rural collective action capacity faces multiple challenges such as insufficient endogenous motivation,cultural identity rupture,and weakened organizational effectiveness.As a composite of high digital skills,high cultural literacy and strong social capital,new quality productivity talents possess both technological innovation capabilities and local governance wisdom.Their mechanism focuses on the four-dimensional mechanism model of “knowledge-relationship-technology-system”,that is knowledge reconstruction opens up the translation channel between technological rationality and local experience,relationship restructuring activates the network effect of social capital,technology empowerment reshapes action rules through smart contracts and blockchain applications,and institutional innovation promotes the digitization of informal rules and the flattening of governance structures.The explanatory dimension of the theory of collective action for the expansion of new quality productivity talents in the context of the intervention of new production factors breaks through the traditional path dependence of “technology transplantation”,provides key support for alleviating governance difficulties,reconstructs the ethical system of “familial-nation syncretism”,and drives inclusive growth and governance efficiency transition in rural areas.

Maternity leave is a core measure of the fertility support policy system.The cost of Chinas current maternity leave system is mainly borne by employers,and the insufficient cost sharing mechanism limits the effectiveness of the system in promoting childbirth and protecting the labor rights of women of childbearing age.By systematically reviewing the development concepts,policy goals,and institutional elements of typical developed countries maternity leave systems,this paper summarizes their cost sharing models and institutional effects.Based on the analysis of the current development status and challenges of Chinas maternity leave system,suggestions are proposed to optimize the cost sharing mechanism of maternity leave,namely establishing a maternity insurance system funded by the government,employers,and individuals,setting up maternity allowances for all women who gave birth,and sharing the cost of maternity leave through a unified maternity insurance system in urban and rural areas;to establish national statutory paternity leave and parental leave,increase tax incentives for childbirth for employers and individuals,and to strengthen the illegal liability of employers for harming womens labor rights.

Unraveling the intrinsic logic behind residents participation in individual pension is crucial for the comprehensive implementation of the individual pension system.This article is based on a sample of 1 475 residents in Xian,empirically analyzes the logic of residents participation in individual pension from the perspectives of external mobilization and internal rationality.The research indicates that informal mobilization within external mobilization plays a pivotal role in promoting residents participation in individual pension.The publicity and support from friends and family have a significant positive impact on residents participation in individual pension,while the effect of formal mobilization is not obvious.Both subjective rationality and objective rationality within internal rationality are important factors influencing residents participation in individual pension.Regarding subjective rationality,both ability evaluation rationality and welfare cognition rationality significantly affect residents participation in individual pension.The more residents recognize their economic capacity,financial knowledge,and investment capabilities,the more they recognize the role of individual pension in mitigating pension risks and reducing the burden on their children,and the more inclined they are to participate in individual pension.As for objective rationality,the higher the income of residents is,the more inclined they are to participate in individual pension;compared to those who do not need to pay personal income tax,those who need to pay personal income tax are more inclined to participate in individual pension.This implies that enhancing the publicity and guidance effectiveness of the related subjects in external mobilization and deepening residents internal cognition of pension planning and investment can help increase their enthusiasm for participating in individual pension.The research conclusions provide a useful reference for understanding residents participation in individual pension and are of great significance for promoting the comprehensive implementation of the individual pension system.

With the deepening of the digital transformation strategy of education,the national smart education platform for primary and secondary schools,as a key tool to promote educational equity and improve the quality of education,among which the continuous use willingness of primary school users has become a research hotspot.In this study,structural equation model(SEM)and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA)were used to analyze the survey data of primary and middle school students in 11 cities of 7 provinces in eastern,central and western China to explore the influencing factors of the continuous use intention of national platform.The research results show that there are significant differences in satisfaction and willingness to continue using the national platform among different student groups;student satisfaction,perceived usefulness,and perceived ease of use are key factors affecting their willingness to continue using the national platform;reducing students technology anxiety can effectively enhance their sense of efficacy and willingness to use the platform.Finally,this paper proposes countermeasures and suggestions to promote the continuous use of the national smart education platform for primary and secondary schools,by focusing on the differences in students meeds and enhancing the service efficiency of the national platform,optimizing platform user experience and solidifying the foundation of national platform applications,and increasing technical support and leveraging the advantages of national platform education.

Marxs term revolution initiated by Das Kapital aims to support its topic change in the field of capital criticism research.The Communist Manifesto promotes the major issue of capital criticism.It puts forward the core issues of Das Kapital from three perspectives,and stipulates the realistic,historical and class characteristics of the core terms of Das Kapital. The term “labor commodity” has undergone a process from the “hidden term” of the Communist Manifesto to the “core term” of Das Kapital.As the core of the term system of Das Kapital,the revolutionary approach of the core term of “labor commodity” lies in revealing the mystery of capital exploitation in capitalist society,the mystery of historical development of human society,and the mystery of class struggle in capitalist society.This has connected the theoretical dialogue between the Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital on the capital criticism,and completed the overall criticism of capitalism.The internal tension between “two inevitability” and “two impossibility” plans the historical limit of the core term revolution of “labor commodity”.The internal progression from “elimination of private ownership” to “reconstruction of individual ownership” plans the future direction of the core term revolution of “labor commodity”,that is,to closely focus on the internal mechanism of the communist movement and provide solid theoretical support and practical guidance for the transitional stage of communism.

As the main form of digital space,platforms control the channels through which platform capital links to the market.Platform capital relies on its function in data production to occupy excess surplus value and obtain platform rent.On the basis of participating in the division of surplus value,platform capital can rapidly expand and proliferate,gradually evolving into the platform capital ecosystem of the 21st century.Platform rent is an important foundation and basis for understanding and analyzing the sources of profits for platform enterprises and the issue of platform capital monopoly.On the one hand,it reveals the prerequisites for platform capital accumulation,and on the other hand,it determines the specific path of platform capital accumulation based on the different forms of rent.However,as a contemporary manifestation of capital form,platform capital still cannot escape the inherent contradictions of capital accumulation and contains new crisis effects.In this regard,we should return to the context of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics,further improve the governance regulations of digital platforms,promote the standardized,healthy and sustainable development of digital platforms,and achieve the organic unity of platform economy development and common prosperity goals.