Population aging is the key to the sustainable development of the basic old-age insurance system.Based on age shift algorithm and life table technology,this paper makes use of the data of Chinas sixth and seventh national population censuses to calculate the size,years and fund size of Chinas elderly population receiving pensions from 2010 to 2030.The study concludes that due to the increase in the number and proportion of the elderly population and the expansion of pension insurance coverage,the scale of Chinas elderly receiving pensions continue to expand,from 123 million in 2010 to 332 million in 2030.Meanwhile,as Chinas pension level is still increasing,the result is that the payment burden of pension is increasing sharply,and the total expenditure will rise from 1 329.390 billion yuan in 2010 to 11 893.319 billion yuan in 2030.In addition,due to the extension of the life expectancy,the length of pension for the elderly continues to increase,from 10.13 years in 2010 to 19.92 years in 2030,and the growth rate of receiving years has exceeded that of remaining life.Additionally,there are significant gender and urban-rural disparities in the burden of pension payments.Finally,this paper proposes the implementation of measures such as enforcing the delayed retirement policy,cautiously increasing the replacement rate and level of pension,developing a multi-pillar pension system,and encouraging childbirth as measures of structural reforms.These initiatives aim to promote common prosperity in the context of high-quality development of population and economy.

The Third Plenary Session of the Twentieth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed that the common prosperity of all people should make more tangible and substantial progress.The period from now to 2035 is a critical one for China to make substantial progress in promoting common prosperity,and it is also an important period of transition in Chins population development,and the new trends in Chinas population development will have a greater impact on the promotion of common prosperity.In terms of enlarging the “cake”,the huge population size provides huge potential for industrial development and technological innovation,and the concentration of population in urban agglomerations and big cities can bring about a scale effect and thus promote economic growth.However,the aging of the population will lead to problems such as insufficient supply of labour and a decrease in total factor productivity,which will pose challenges to economic growth.In terms of sharing the “cake”,the large size of the population makes it more difficult to “raise the low”,“expand the medium” and “raise the high”.Rapid population aging and the huge size of the elderly population will bring challenges to the common prosperity of the elderly group,artificial intelligence to solve the aging problem may lead to widening income disparity at the same time,the decline in economic vitality of the outflow places caused by population contraction will lead to widening regional development gap,and the super-large-scale mobile population will increase the difficulty of expanding the middle-income group.Therefore,on the one hand,it is necessary to give full play to multi-dimensional demographic dividends such as the scale dividend,quality dividend and allocation dividend to hedge against the impact of demographic transition and to enlarge the “cake”;on the other hand,it is necessary to optimize the three-tier distribution system based on the new trend of demographic development and to share the “cake” well.

The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China emphasized advancing reforms through the building a strong education country strategy to facilitate Chinese-style modernization.As a long-term national plan and systematic framework for overall societal development,the construction of a strong education country holds foundational,guiding,and strategic significance in the process of achieving common prosperity.It relies on improving national quality,cultivating innovative talents,optimizing social structure,and enhancing cultural soft power to empower the people to achieve coordinated and unified material and spiritual prosperity,reflecting the mechanism of creating a pattern of common prosperity,upholding the bottom line of common prosperity,empowering high-quality common prosperity,and nurturing spiritual common prosperity.In response to current challenges such as imbalances and inadequacies in the education system,fragmented and homogenous research paradigms limiting overall efficiency,heterogeneous urban-rural development and unequal regional resources hindering poverty-alleviating growth,the digital divide and algorithmic risks exacerbating income inequality and obstructing educational technology empowerment,and insufficient public cultural services and low cultural consumption levels impeding spiritual wealth,this paper proposes strategies to construct a convergence education paradigm to transform the demographic dividend into a talent dividend,leverage education to reduce inequality and expand the middle class,promote urban-rural integration in counties,accelerate the integration of artificial intelligence in education to optimize labor market strategies,strengthen the ethical foundation of education,and shape the ethics of a Chinese-style cultural institution.

In the historical background of attaching importance to the law,the Song Dynasty formed the “Ju Yan Fen Si” system with the purpose of “preventing corruption” and the separation of “hearing” and “judgment”.Si Fa Can Jun was an important judicial official at the local state level in the Song Dynasty,mainly responsible for verifying the sentencing laws.Mao Pang,who was born in a family of scholars,was deeply influenced by the environment at that time and his family,and developed a high level of legal literacy.Analyzing Mao Pangs example of “prosecution and law enforcement” during his tenure as Si Fa Can Jun,it can be seen that he balanced the multiple values of judicial activities such as “stopping killings”,“benevolence to the people”,and “loving all creatures” while complying with the law.By combining specific judicial practices,we can have a deeper understanding of the historical background of the Song Dynastys emphasis on the law and the operating mechanism of the “Ju Yan Fen Si”,as well as its close connection with the mutual influence and interaction between judicial officials.

The border tribes of the Song and Xia dynasties were an important focus of attention in the Northern Song Dynastys implementation of the “banning salt to control Xia” policy.During the reign of Emperor Taizong,the Northern Song Dynasty did not recognize the military value of the barbarians for its own use,so the ban on salt was aimed at the entire barbarian tribe.During the reigns of Emperor Zhenzong and Emperor Renzong,the Northern Song Dynasty attached great importance to the role of the Shu Hu tribe in defending against Xixia,and instead targeted the Sheng Hu tribe through the “banning salt to control Xia” policy.The change of salt prohibition targets in the Northern Song Dynasty was related to the changes in the military situation between the Song and Xia dynasties,reflecting the flexibility of the implementation strategy of the Northern Song Dynasty.

Marx proposed the concept of “machine system” as one of the three elements of capital production,using labor as the core element to interpret the logic of capital in the preparation stage of Capital and its manuscript.This concept embodies the transformation of machines,which are influenced by capitalist production relations,into a “system” that can influence the forms of human labor in its automated iterations.Laborers,on the one hand,become intelligent organs standing next to the machine system,but on the other hand,they also act as yeast to promote capital growth and influence the speed and direction of possible iterations of the machine system.The machine system is essentially still a product of humans.This determines that the birth of the machine system certainly depends on the capitalist mode of production,but as a product of human beings,it has the possibility of escaping from capital.In his Economic Manuscripts of 1857—1858,Marx proposed the transformation of the essential definition of human social wealth through the production of machine systems,proposing the increase of free time provided by machine systems for human liberation,as well as the disintegration of labor value theory,thereby dismantling all possibilities of capital logic.This provides a critical perspective based on capital logic for todays radical iteration of technological criticism.

Introduction of Criticism of Hegels Philosophy of Law was an important theoretical work which occupied an important position in the history of formation of Marxism.It is worth affirming that this article made some significant original contributions to the formation of Marxism in various aspects,specifically reflected in the preliminary expression of Marxist theory of human liberation;the preliminary establishment of the ontology of historical materialism; the preliminary expression of Marxist theory of practice and worldview of practical materialism;the preliminary exposition of Marxist theory of philosophy;the preliminary expression of Marxist theory of world history and social evolution;the preliminary clarification of Marxist theory of capitalism;the first expression of Marxist theory of the proletariat.

Ideological and political work policy is not only a powerful weapon for the Party to improve peoples ideological awareness and strengthen ideological construction,but also an important way to implement the Partys ideological and political work ideas.This paper constructs an analytical model on the basis of analyzing the text of ideological and political work policy by using the rooting theory,and finds that the policy environment,policy objectives,and policy tools are the core elements affecting the effectiveness of the ideological and political work policy,and presents the evolution law that the ideological and political work policy is always accompanied by the Partys central task in the thematic transformation.Accordingly,the evolution of the Partys ideological and political work policy in the past 100 years is divided into four stages:laying the foundation,continuing development,innovating the old and deepening the new.This reveals that we should always adhere to the overall leadership of the Party,ensure the correct direction of policies in overall planning and high level promotion;accurately grasp the goal,continuously improve the policy agreeableness in focusing on the center and promoting the comprehensive development of human beings;adhere to the righteousness and innovation,improve the quality and efficiency of implementation by following the logic of behavior and accurately selecting the policy tools;and scientifically study the environment,achieve the policy goal by clarifying the historical orientation and mastering the specific methods.

Xi Jinpings Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era has rich connotations,broad ideas,and rigorous logic.It has made a series of original contributions to enriching and developing Marxism.To transform it into a powerful force for promoting Chinese style modernization,communication is the most crucial.Starting from the category of social communication,promoting the innovative theoretical communication of the Party in the new era should focus on constructing a multi-level and three-dimensional communication matrix that includes internal communication,interpersonal communication,group communication,organizational communication,and mass communication,actively seeking the common significance space between the innovative theory of the Party in the new era and the mass ideology and culture.Only by reflecting the timeliness,grasping the regularity,and being creative in theoretical communication can we consolidate and strengthen mainstream ideological and public opinion with the depth of theory,the breadth of vision,the temperature of language,and the strength of communication,making the innovative theory of the Party in the new era the strongest voice of the times,and using “Chinese theory” to consolidate the “strength of China”.

With the historic turning point of Chinas financial positioning from “core theory” to “bloodline theory”,the construction of Chinas modern financial governance system has truly entered a historical stage of “consciousness and self-determination”.This paper attempts to build a basic theoretical framework for Chinas modern financial governance.Over the past half century,the global modern financial governance has undergone a complex evolution process.The instability of the global financial order in the Post-Bretton Woods era has prompted countries to reflect on the nature and path of financial development.Modern financial governance includes five major goals:the effectiveness and full competition of financial market,the optimization of financial structure,national financial security,financial openness and maintenance of global financial order.Chinas modern financial governance has gradually formed five basic concepts in practice,that is,the unity of financial development and real economy,the unity of financial market competition efficiency and financial order,the unity of financial market innovation and financial conduct legitimacy,the unity of financial opening and national financial security,the unity of actively integrating into the global financial system and striving for the voice of global financial governance.These basic concepts are also the core of the financial development path with Chinese characteristics.

Currently,Chinas carbon emission trading system is undergoing a transition from policy guidance to the rule of law construction.At present,the administrative legislative approach of the carbon emission trading system is simple,equating “rights” with “quotas”.This approach cannot reflect the dual characteristics of public and private law that carbon emission rights possess,nor can it effectively respond to the development needs of the carbon emission trading market and the standardized construction of the carbon emission trading system.To this end,it is necessary to establish a carbon emission trading system with the carbon emission trading market as the context and the carbon emission “rights” as the logical mainline,consolidate its legal foundation,and clarify its normative approach.From the perspective of context and semantics,the expression of “carbon emission rights” itself implies its private law rights attributes.At the theoretical logic level of the carbon emissions trading system,the second-order theory can provide theoretical support for the transition from “quotas” to “rights” in the carbon emissions trading system;at its practical logic level,the carbon emissions trading system needs to rely on the establishment of “rights” to provide a legal basis for the development of its trading market.Finally,considering the lack of consensus on the attributes of carbon emission rights,the need for stability in the structure of the carbon emission trading system,the diverse characteristics of the rights foundation,and the fact that the sources of rights are not stable and unchanging,a strategy can be considered to temporarily shelve disputes over the ownership of carbon emission rights,focusing on rights and interests,and promoting the standardized construction of the carbon emission trading system in steps and stages with the main line of “rights performance—applicable normative fields—legal protection methods”.

Chinas use of the concept of carbon emissions rights has gone through a process of expanding from an economic context to a legal context.The true nature of carbon emission rights is economic property rights.If we put it into the legal context,the nature of carbon emission rights should be the object of legal rights,with a status equivalent to carbon quotas.At present,interpreting carbon emission rights as a legal right in law may lead to confusion in understanding the concept and difficulties in practical application.Based on the practice of Chinas carbon trading system,the ownership of carbon quotas,with carbon quotas as the object of rights and the rights holders possession(holding),use(emission),disposal(transfer,the establishment of guarantees)of carbon quotas as the content of rights,has more explanatory and guiding power for the system.If carbon emission rights are regarded as the right to emit carbon,exercising carbon emission rights is essentially the right to use the ownership of carbon quotas.The ownership of carbon quotas has a broad policy nature,characterized by “administrative essence and civil law path”,and is fundamentally guided by the achievement of emission reduction targets.It is a tool right aimed at implementing public law obligations,different from traditional civil rights that serve as purposive rights.The establishment of ownership of carbon quotas is based on the definition of quotas,and the definition of carbon quotas and certified voluntary emission reductions relies on the detection and recognition of carbon emissions and emission reductions.Based on this,administrative agencies should strictly supervise the quality of data.

The carbon inclusion system is a necessary institutional means to promote the comprehensive green carbon transformation of society,and belongs to the voluntary carbon reduction incentive mechanism on the consumer side.From the perspectives of the scope of participants,behavior types,value transformation methods,and management and supervision of carbon inclusion system in various provinces and cities,it has been found that Chinas carbon inclusion system has problems such as legislative deficiencies,unclear subject scope,lack of defined standards for behavior,and insufficient systematization of value transformation methods.It is necessary to establish a sound legal framework for carbon inclusion system in both central and local governments level through legislation;improve internal elements of the carbon inclusion system by expanding the types of participants,clarifying the boundaries of carbon reduction behavior,and establishing a diverse and interconnected value transformation system;and improve the external guarantee systems of carbon inclusion system by taking measures such as establishing an incentive and support mechanism for carbon inclusive technology research and development,expanding funding sources,strengthening data security risk regulation,and innovating publicity and promotion methods.