Abstract: As the teaching book of traditional painting,The Mustard Seed Garden is the result of the production organized by literati painters.It represents the value concept and ideology of literati painting and is sold in the bookstores with a strong commercial atmosphere in Nanjing.The criticism of The Mustard Seed Garden contrasts with the patterning of landscape expression,the realism of woodblock printing,and the convenience of painting learning,which will bring about the generalization and vulgarization of traditional painting,and is an opportunity for the generation of new aesthetic values.Compared with the traditional painting,the learning method provided by The Mustard Seed Garden can help beginners master painting skills and knowledge points in a short period of time and lay a good foundation for staying on track.It also consciously links to the painting methods and paintings of famous artists in history,making it easier to obtain cultural resources.With the help of Li Yu and the promotion of the mustard garden brand effect,The Mustard Seed Garden ends the monopoly of resources in traditional painting learning,breaks the gap between culture and social class,and opens up a path for Chinese painting to become modern and popular.