During the Anti-Japanese War,Lao She devoted himself wholeheartedly and comprehensively to the national resistance with a clear sense of identity and job consciousness,demonstrating a distinct national consciousness and patriotism.In the difficult and tortuous life of exile,he always adhered to the literary stance of resistance against Japan,created various popular literature and art,promoted and encouraged resistance against Japan,and used literary works to express peoples awakening and resistance in national wars.He pondered the complex relationship between traditional culture and modern consciousness,national rejuvenation and human destiny,and proposed the important significance of resistance struggle for national rejuvenation and independence,as well as peace and justice for human destiny.

The main objects of economic contention in ancient times were land,population and money.The significant development and new changes in the societies of the Tang and Song Dynasties were the formation of a monetary society.Under this new situation,the contradictions caused by currency wereunprecedentedly numerous and widespread.Many of these contradictions intensified into disputes,riots and even rebellions,and the “currency struggle” increased sharply.This article first sorts out the relevant historical records and then classifies and comments on their nature.It is believed that these contradictions and struggles include not only monetary disputes among relatives and friends,ordinary people,the military,officials,and monarchs and ministers within the society of the Song Dynasty,but also battles among different regimes.In terms of its nature,there are not only the contradictions between employees and employers,but also the contradictions between the trustworthy and the untrustworthy within the credit community,as well as the struggles between plundering and anti-plundering among different regimes.The issue of “currency struggle” was not unique to the Song Dynasty,but its frequent occurrence and prominence were rare in ancient history.

The Confucian scholarofficials who grew up in the cultivation of the culture of Chongwen always had the aspiration of the world,but in the late years of Song Dynasty,there was a reversal of the “sage”and “unworthy”.The sage,such as Jiang Wanli,Wen Tianxiang,Xie Fangde,etc.,all were excellent political officials.They had the heart of “to the king,Yao and Shun”,but it was difficult to change the decadent scholar-official ethos permeating the ruling and the public at that time.Those who were unworthy,such as Liang Chengda,Chen Yizong,Liu Mengyan,etc.,destroyed the upright spirit among the scholarofficials since the Northern Song Dynasty.Together with the “middlemen” who constituted the main group of scholarofficials,they had a great impact on the public opinion which the neo-Confucianist strongly advocated and once played an important role.In the end,the situation of the diminishment of public opinions and “the decline of moral integrity of scholars” was formed,which brought a very serious adverse impact on the political ecology in the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty.At that time,the lament that “the wise are not allowed to do things,while the unwise and incompetent act recklessly,violating morality”annotated Songs comment that “there is no talent in Jiangnan”.The statement of “no talent in Jiangnan” was thrown out in the end of the Song Dynasty,and also became an important evidence of the inevitable demise of the dynasty.

Chinese path to modernization is a unique symbol to interpret Chinas road,explain Chinas concept and highlight Chinas responsibility.The construction of the external discourse system of Chinese path to modernization has a distinctive helpful direction and an important opportunity of the times.However,the right to define,interpret and evaluate modernization is monopolized by the West,the tension balance between “nation and state rise” and “human and world concern” is difficult to achieve and maintain,and cultural discount restricts the external communication effect of the external discourse of Chinese path to modernization.We should focus on how to consolidate the foundation of the external discourse system,and how to build the external discourse content system,expression system,narrative system,communication system,discourse security system,so as to promote the effective construction of the external discourse system of Chinese path to modernization.

Based on the theoretical perspective of communication studies,taking the historical generation and contemporary construction of the “Chinese national community” as the research object,this study systematically explains the value foundation,theoretical temperament,and practical path of communication studies of the Chinese national community.The purpose is to reveal how communication practices shape community consciousness through historical narratives,cultural symbol interactions,and political rituals,and to explore the possibility of dialogue between traditional Chinese “harmony” thinking and modern communication theory.The research results show that the theoretical vitality of the communication studies of the Chinese national community is reflected in its dual response to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the new forms of human civilization:on the one hand,it provides theoretical support for strengthening the awareness of the Chinese national community,and on the other hand,it contributes to the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind through communication programs.This theoretical construction not only expands the disciplinary boundaries of communication studies,but also achieves the modernization transformation of traditional cultural resources at the methodological level.

As digital technology continues to reshape the global cultural communication landscape,how to achieve precise dissemination of excellent traditional Chinese culture overseas is becoming a key strategic path affecting the evolution of the international cultural landscape.The current digital technology,driven by strong innovation,has achieved a triple innovation breakthrough in the cultural communication paradigm,namely the shift in communication concepts,integration of cultural content,and composite construction of communication channels.At the internal logical level,Chinas excellent traditional culture goes global with technological empowerment as the starting point,deconstructing and translating cultural resources through digital tools,promoting the reconstruction of communication modes from one-way output to two-way interaction,and ultimately achieving the deep goal of global cultural value coexistence.And through the creation of the practice path of “digital translation-intelligent adaptation-ecological co-shaping”,the cross context transformation of cultural content is realized by digital technology,the data-driven precision reaches the audiences cognition,and the digital ecology builds a value system of multi-civilization co-creation and sharing,so as to promote the precise cognitive transition of Chinese excellent traditional culture from “culture visible” to “culture knowable”,and to help build an innovative practice paradigm of global civilization dialogue.

The negative effects associated with the expansion of petty crimes,such as an excessive number of convicted individuals,a relatively heavy emphasis on criminal responsibility for the accompanying consequences of punishment,and excessive judicial investment with limited returns,mainly stem from a lack of understanding of the characteristics that distinguish petty crimes from traditional serious and minor crimes.As a result,traditional methods of governance for serious and minor crimes are used to treat petty crimes,without considering the unique issues of petty crimes.Therefore,in order to resolve the aforementioned negative effects,it is necessary to change the inertia of using the governance method of serious and minor crimes to govern petty crimes,and construct a governance method for petty crime-the petty crime system:forming a conceptual distinction between minor crimes and serious and minor crimes,while not viewing petty crimes with the same perspective as serious and minor crimes;tightening the legislative standards for petty crimes,taking“administrative law rules being inapplicable”as a precondition,and controlling the legislation of petty crimes based on substantive requirements for intentiond and risky offenses;expanding the application of probation,exemption from punishment upon conviction,and non prosecution in petty crimes,and enforcing the written expedited trial procedure for petty offenses cases where the defendant pleads guilty and accepts punishment;establishing penalties with accompanying consequences that are appropriate for the culpability of perpetrators of petty crimes.

With the transformation of the concept of misdemeanor governance and the adjustment of criminal policies for misdemeanors,the criminalization of misdemeanors has become a development trend in Chinas criminal law legislation.While judicial authorities are adjusting the application of misdemeanors,the application of the collateral consequences of misdemeanors has not been adjusted accordingly,but instead presented an increasingly complex and scattered tendency.The application of the collateral consequences of misdemeanors has achieved positive results in preventing crime and maintaining social stability,but it has also caused excessive restrictions on the normal activities of offenders and their close relatives,which exceeds the necessary limits for punishing the crime,resulting in a negative outcome where“misdemeanors are not light”.Thus,in order to implement the principle of substantial balance between crime and punishment,it is necessary to strengthen the logical relationship between collateral consequences and criminal behaviors,and delete or modify the clauses that do not comply with the principle of proportionality.It is necessary to broaden the scope of application of the criminal record elimination system and post event relief procedures to prevent them from gradually becoming mere punishment measures for released prisoners,in order to maximize the reintegration of misdemeanor offenders into society.

The modernization of industrial chains is crucial for Chinas high-quality economic development.While improving regional industrial levels and enhancing regional economic strength,it also affects the quality of regional fiscal revenue.The article constructs an indicator system to measure the level of industrial chain modernization construction and the quality of regional fiscal revenue.Using provincial panel data from 2010 to 2022 in China,it empirically analyzes the impact of industrial chain modernization construction on the quality of regional fiscal revenue.The findings demonstrate that the modernization of the industrial chain has significantly improved the quality of regional fiscal revenue.Heterogeneity analysis reveals a “West-East-Central” gradient differential pattern in its impact across regions.Mechanism analysis indicates that the modernization of the industrial chain construction improves the quality of regional fiscal revenue by increasing the per capita disposable income of residents and the level of agglomeration of human capital and research and development capital,and contributes to the cultivation and development of new quality productivity in the region.

As the core pillar of a countrys economy and the cornerstone of industry,the manufacturing industry derives its development momentum from continuous innovation activities,and tax incentive policies are regarded as a key driver in this process.Focusing on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,an important national economic zone,the innovative development of its manufacturing industry is not only related to the local economic prosperity,but also can provide valuable policy enlightenment and reference for other regions across the country.Based on the data of A-share listed manufacturing companies in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,this paper conducts an empirical analysis using the two-way fixed effects model and mediating effect model to explore the impact mechanism of tax incentive policies on manufacturing innovation,as well as the differential impact of tax incentive policies on the innovative behaviors of enterprises with different ownership types.The research results show that tax incentive policies have a positive promoting effect on both innovation input and innovation output of manufacturing enterprises in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.Among them,digital input,as a key mediating factor,effectively promotes the transformation of tax incentives into innovative achievements.Tax incentive policies have a more significant incentive effect on the innovation input of non-state-owned enterprises in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,while for state-owned enterprises,their innovation output is affected by a more obvious positive impact.Suggestions: Further implement the policies of tax reduction and fee reduction,and improve the evaluation and supervision mechanism of tax incentive policies;guide enterprises to use digital technologies to enhance their innovation capabilities:and implement differentiated tax incentive policies for enterprises with different ownership types.

As the global aging process accelerates,building a multi-level long-term care security system has become a core issue for countries to address the risk of disability.Based on the perspective of responsibility sharing,the long-term care security system in foreign countries is divided into three categories:low,medium,and high personal responsibility.An analytical framework is constructed from four dimensions:legal system,security projects,funding sources,and service system.Typical countries such as the Netherlands,Germany,and Japan are selected for case comparison.Research finds that laws and regulations are the top-level guarantee for institutional sustainability,ensuring that the accuracy of projects determines the scope of service coverage,diversified financing models support operational stability,and the synergy between service providers and types directly affects service accessibility.In the context of actively responding to the aging population,suggestions for improving Chinas multi-level long-term care security system are proposed:improving laws,regulations,and policy support,and systematically planning a multi-level long-term care guarantee system;strengthening the construction of nursing guarantee system and enriching multi-level long-term nursing guarantee projects;exploring multi-channel and sustainable financing models to expand multi-level long-term care funding sources;establishing a collaborative system and building a multi-dimensional and multi-level long-term care service system.

Faced with the high complexity and uncertainty of artificial intelligence governance,it is urgent to break through the traditional governance paradigm and iteratively upgrade to agile AI governance.Agile governance adheres to the concept of people-oriented and technology for good,highlighting the core characteristics of diversity balance,flexible response,dynamic adjustment,and collaborative interaction.It is the key path to achieving “ethical intelligence,responsible implementation,and effective governance”.Its development is driven by multiple driving forces:the external forces include the call of the Industry 4.0 era,strategic guidance at the national level,support and guarantee from government departments,and active exploration by enterprises;the endogenous driving force originates from the organic integration of the internal needs of traditional paradigm innovation and the dual attributes of artificial intelligence.As a long-term systematic project,promoting agile governance of artificial intelligence requires the establishment of agile concepts and culture,innovative application of governance tools that combine rigidity and flexibility,the establishment of dynamic adjustment mechanisms with tension and relaxation,and the construction of a governance pattern with diverse collaborative participation,in order to achieve stability and long-term success.

Recent research has found that the digital transformation of public services has led to a significant perception of digital burden among some grassroots civil servants.However,the generation mechanism of digital burden for the grassroots civil servant group remains to be empirically explored.This paper utilizes traditional administrative burden theory and technology execution theory to construct the conceptual model of generation mechanism of digital burden perception among grassroots civil servants in the digitalization of public services,and empirically tests it using questionnaire data from a total of 1 195 grassroots civil servants across eight provinces in China.The research results show that institutional alienation perception,technology acceptance,and technology overload perception have a significant direct impact on digital burden perception;personal information literacy plays a mediating role among these factors,further affecting the generation of digital burden perception.Pressure-type system perception plays a significant moderating role in this process,positively moderating the impact of institutional and technological factors on digital burden perception.This study provides a theoretical framework reflecting the reality of burden perception among Chinese grassroots civil servants for administrative burden-related theories,and has certain policy implications for alleviating civil servants digital burden perception.

The mandatory execution requirements are the basic requirements that allow the executing agency to carry out mandatory execution,and have important value in ensuring the legality of the execution procedure,safeguarding the interests of the parties,balancing state power,and saving execution resources.Existing research often focuses on static perspectives such as nature,characteristics,and themes,and lacks a unified understanding of basic issues such as the concept and composition of elements.This is not conducive to the independence and systematicity of the system,and the practical transformation ability of theoretical achievements is slightly insufficient.Reorganizing the stage construction of mandatory enforcement requirements from the perspective of the logical thinking of the reviewing subject when actually reviewing the requirements and the process of executing the program operation stage helps to form a stable and flexible logic for the review of requirements,which is in line with the mechanism of the mandatory enforcement system and promotes legal education.According to the stage approach,mandatory execution should first review the requirements for the start of execution,and then consider the requirements for the effectiveness of the execution basis,which can be further divided into the requirements for execution force and the requirements for the scope of execution force in order.The above types of requirements also contain rich contents internally,thus building a dynamic generation system for mandatory execution requirements.