Abstract: The Confucian scholarofficials who grew up in the cultivation of the culture of Chongwen always had the aspiration of the world,but in the late years of Song Dynasty,there was a reversal of the “sage”and “unworthy”.The sage,such as Jiang Wanli,Wen Tianxiang,Xie Fangde,etc.,all were excellent political officials.They had the heart of “to the king,Yao and Shun”,but it was difficult to change the decadent scholar-official ethos permeating the ruling and the public at that time.Those who were unworthy,such as Liang Chengda,Chen Yizong,Liu Mengyan,etc.,destroyed the upright spirit among the scholarofficials since the Northern Song Dynasty.Together with the “middlemen” who constituted the main group of scholarofficials,they had a great impact on the public opinion which the neo-Confucianist strongly advocated and once played an important role.In the end,the situation of the diminishment of public opinions and “the decline of moral integrity of scholars” was formed,which brought a very serious adverse impact on the political ecology in the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty.At that time,the lament that “the wise are not allowed to do things,while the unwise and incompetent act recklessly,violating morality”annotated Songs comment that “there is no talent in Jiangnan”.The statement of “no talent in Jiangnan” was thrown out in the end of the Song Dynasty,and also became an important evidence of the inevitable demise of the dynasty.

Key words: the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty, the decline of moral integrity of scholars, the diminishment of public opinions, the demise of the dynasty