Abstract: The philosophical proposition of “Unity of Nature and Man”, includes a moving process of multiple stages, and Han Dynasty is one stage. The thought of “Unity of Nature and Man” reflects human initiative, especially the transcendence of Confucianism goes deep from “human” to “benevolence”, with the thought of God gradually losing. Although “Heaven” is the philosophy of the ontology, it is a political service form and is influenced by theological thought. The expression of “Unity of Nature and Man” is wrong, but “Unity of Man and Nature” is right from the level of concern for the people; only in this way, the decline and prosperity of Confucianism, relations between Heaven and Man divided, serving rulers or people, can these questions be easy to understand.

Key words: unity of nature and man, unity of man and nature, Dong Zhongshu, Confucianism in the Han Dynasty, theology and politics