Zhao Kuangyin, Song Taizu, had four sons, and his fourth son was Zhao Defang. There was no record about who was Zhao Defang’s biological mother among Song official documents. But according to the relevant historical records, this passage tries to verify Zhao Defang’s biological mother was Empress Wang, and at the same time tries to analyze the reason why there was no record about this was mainly related to the fight for the throne between Song Taizu and Song Taizong.

“Being proficient in both literature and laws” was not a general state for legal qualities of scholar-bureaucrats in Song Dynasty. Judging from the judicial environment of “powerful bureaucrats and weak officials” and the performance of all scholar-bureaucrats in “A Yun Case” in Song dynasty, it is safe to say that the legal qualities of scholar-bureaucrats would probably be not that good. As for the ancient Chinese legal culture,only the judgment based on objective facts will definitely be of benefit to the further exploration of this issue.

Since the novel Farewell written by a Japenese writer,Taijae Ji,wao published,The image of Lu Xun in the novel has been the focus of research.The critical views of Japanese researchers basically present the development of criticism→stripping→remodeling.This is consistent with the development of Japanese contemporary literary criticism methodology from“writers”to“works”,and then to“text theory”,which reflects the obvious characteristics of the times.New critical methodology constantly changes the image cognition of Lu Xun in Farewell,and promotesus to re-examine Lu Xun as a writer and Taijae Ji.

The place where a writer lives has a far-reaching effect on their writing and personal experiences. The essay starts from accepting the view that Bath has a huge influence on Austen’s writing. Based on the life the writer spent in Bath as well as her works, the essay explores how Bath influences the writer’s life experience, her understanding of the society she lived, her family life, her emotional world and her writing style, etc.. It is hoped to help readers learn more about Jane Austen’s emotional bond to Bath and have a further understanding of her works.

Songs text has the large number in Tang Dynasty, and one of the long-term accumulated culture and aesthetic values in Yan-Zhao deeply influenced this region of Writers. Their works have a more prominent "Language text is Vehement and Sadness, Outstanding qualities" feature. This paper takes the writers’ Songs of Yan-Zhao areas in Tang dynasty as the typical body works; in turn, can clear the relationship between these literary and Confucian culture, and then includes a “Vehement and Sadness” and the “Literary Quotation Advocated Elegance” these two features of the Yan-Zhao culture in Tang Dynasty. This allows us to eventually clear the academic value of these works.

In Yuan Dynasty, the emperors often travelled between DaDu and ShangDu, which was attended by many scholars. Those scholars wrote many works in the tourism. The vast prairie between DaDu and ShangDu showed a special spirit, which continued to stimulate the excitement of literati, literati era confidence and inspired the spirit of literati to describe the great scene. These works have different characters at theme, creative method and style, which established literary position not only in Yuan Dynasty but also in the whole Chinese history.

Confronting 20th century’s currents of criticizing Confucianism and worshiping Confucius, Zhang Shenfu held that these two currents of thoughts should be reevaluated - the dross of Confucianism and the essence of Confucius' thoughts need to be distinguished from each other. According to Zhang Shenfu, the dross of Confucianism should be overthrown, while the essence of Confucius' thoughts should be adopted. However,in order to to improve the development of Chinese culture, only adopting and promoting the traditional thoughts is far from enough. To solve current issues, Confucianism needs to be analyzed from the perspective of philosophy, which is expected to promote the development of Chinese culture. In other words, not only the essence of Confucius’ thoughts should be adopted, but it also needs to be studied in innovative ways. In conclusion, overthrowing the dross of Confucianism and adopting the essence of Confucius' thoughts are Zhang Shenfu’s complete view of Confucianism.

The philosophical proposition of “Unity of Nature and Man”, includes a moving process of multiple stages, and Han Dynasty is one stage. The thought of “Unity of Nature and Man” reflects human initiative, especially the transcendence of Confucianism goes deep from “human” to “benevolence”, with the thought of God gradually losing. Although “Heaven” is the philosophy of the ontology, it is a political service form and is influenced by theological thought. The expression of “Unity of Nature and Man” is wrong, but “Unity of Man and Nature” is right from the level of concern for the people; only in this way, the decline and prosperity of Confucianism, relations between Heaven and Man divided, serving rulers or people, can these questions be easy to understand.

The rule of law is both an essential condition and a basic component to the construction of Xiongan New Area. The establishment of the rule of law will play the role of guaranteeing legally the institutional foundation in the construction of Xiongan New Area. It not only plays an important role in the construction and development of the Xiongan New Area, but also serves as a model and typical significance for the construction and development of other special economic zones and new districts. The establishment of the rule of law in Xiongan New Area should start from the reality and characteristics of Xiongan New Area, take the planning and construction of Xiongan New Area as priority and be directed by the new development concept. Aiming to build Xiongan New Arear into a city and a society ruled by law, the establishment of the rule of law will serve, promote and guarantee the construction and accelerate the modernization of governance system and capability of Xiongan New Area. The following legal documents should be formulated antecedently: legal normative documents on the legal status, goals and tasks of construction, and legislative authority of local government of Xiongan New Area; legal normative documents on the planning and its legal validity of Xiongan New Area; legal normative documents on protection of environment and resources in Xiongan New Area; other featured legal normative documents which are in urgent needs and serve the construction of Xiongan New Area.

In April 2017,the central government announced the establishment of Xiongan New District in Hebei province.As another special administrative region,after Shenzhen and Pudong Special Administrative Regions in 1980s and 1990s,and at the beginning of the establishment of Xiongan New District,it has been given the historic position of “Millennium Plan,State Affair,”and is another strategic option following the planning and construction of sub-center of Beijing.It has importantly realistic meaning to compare Xiongan New District with Shenzhen and Pudoug Special Administrative Regions fully,summerize the experiences of two Regions,and sort out the reference for Xiongan New District.

National character is a basic attribute of political economy, but it has been ignored or covered up for a long time. The subject, object and purpose of political economy are restricted by the national character. The national character of Chinese economy is formed by history; it is the unity of system and culture and the concentrated embodiment of the realistic economic contradiction. We should build Chinese political economy on the basis of Chinese national economy. Firstly, summarize the economic interests and consciousness of modern Chinese laborers. Secondly, stipulate the primary socialist system. Third, explore the reality of China's economic contradictions and solutions.

Based on the national 31 provinces(municipalities)related samples in 2003-2014 panel data, using the static, dynamic generalized moment model(GMM)and threshold analysis of the influences of fiscal decentralization and soft budget constraints on local government debt scale, the results show that: under the background of Chinese decentralization, the impacts of fiscal decentralization and soft budget constraints on local government debt scale have positive correlation. But the influence of soft budget constraints on local government debt scale are based on double threshold effect of fiscal decentralization, when fiscal decentralization is on the low level, the increase of the soft budget constraint narrows the scale of local government debt; When fiscal decentralization is above a certain level, budgetary soft constraints increase the size of local government debt. Finally, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions for optimizing the debts of local governments.

This article is based on the questionnaire survey data of 34 provincial poor counties in Hebei province,and has the cross analysis for land circulation willingness and land circulation behavior of peasant household land mobility of Hebei province in poor regions. The study found that the influence factors of farmers’ willingness to flow and flow behavior are similar, but the differences between farmers’ willingness and flow behavior are obvious. Based on this, we select both flow willingness and flow behavior, having the circulation willingness but having no flow behavior and having no circulation willingness and no flow behavior as three dependent variables in the multivariate Logit regression model, to analyze and study the differences of willingness and flow behavior of peasant household land mobility and the reasons for the differences, and put forward some relevant conclusions and discussions.

Based on the data from survey in China Economist held in 2016 winter, compared with the results held in the second quarter of 2010, we analyzed the changes in environmental regulations in China and economic regulation impact on regional economic development. The latest survey shows the increasing trend of environmental regulation stringency and there is room for continuing improvement. Few areas show the characteristics of environmental Kuznets curve but in most areas, the relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution is positive linked. Environmental carrying capacity in the Western region is weaker than east and middle areas. Economists from west district prefer to get governmental assistance to improve the environment. Since 2010, environment-related laws and regulations have greatly improved, but the implementation of environmental regulation has become the primary factor to settle. Optimizing the performance evaluation indicators of local government and improving environment monitoring ability are needed. Most economists believe the establishment of emission limits and penalty for surplus is valid. Economists also support emission permit trading system, but they prefer companies bidding for the initial pollution emission permits. In terms of variant pollutants, contrary to the 2010 survey, air pollution has been a substitute for greenhouse gas as the most urgent need for governance.

Accelerated aging makes the original social security system face greater challenges and brings new opportunity for long-term care insurance, as a system of rational choice. Especially under “Healthy China” strategy, strengthening the construction of long-term care services and insurance not only can disperse the nursing risk effectively, but also is of great benefit to the national health and welfare. Starting with institutional rationality of long-term care insurance, this paper analyzes the current plight of long-term care insurance in supply and demand, and on the basis of core value target of system, it puts forward China’s long-term care insurance development model and optimal path.

Although parts of our country carry out the elderlycare insurance pilot work, how to determine the scientific financing and compensation level not only has become the core problem that hinders elderly-care insurance pilot construction, but also has become the national level core problem of exploring the elderly-care insurance. On the basis of the assessmentof the elderly disability population prediction and the elderly disability population care services needs,we combined the setting of different care target groups, the setting of reimbursement ratio, the setting of the government and individuals sharing ratio proportion, prolonged annual balance, etc, comprehensive and balanced estimated financing level and treatment level. The results show that, when the government and individual financing proportion is 5:5, the compensation expense ratio is 90%, and guarantee seriously disabled elderly’s basic care needs, we found that individual contributions accounts for 0.12% to 0.33% of disposable income, and fiscal subsidy accounts for 0.17% to 0.47% of fiscal expenditure. Even all the conventional disabled elderly is guaranteed, the corresponding proportion interval is 0.24%~0.68%, and 0.34%~0.96%. And, the program will have a relatively easy burden and the system will have a strong sustainability. Based on research findings, we further proposed some recommendations like integrating care resources and improving the care system design.

Based on the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey in 2014, this paper assesses the care demands of the Chinese elderly in multiple dimensions and describes the supply of the care. The results show that 8.54% of the elderly depend on the activities of daily living, 40.06% depend on the instrumental activities of daily living. About 8% of the elderly need to be cared by professional long-term services, and 2.19% of those severely disabled who depend on ADL are the focus group for the long-term care services. The elderly in the rural areas, female elderly and the oldest ones have comparatively serious cognitive and depressive problems. Family members are the primary caregivers for 94.96% of the older people who need to be cared. The paper suggests that it is necessary to set up a long-term care system with reasonable share of responsibilities by individual, family, society and government and strengthen the accurate and dynamic assessment of the care demands by older people.

Realizing the combination of medical care and old age care and establishing the combined service mode will not only meet the practical needs, but also be doable in practice. It will be beneficial to meet the multi-level and diversified needs in elderly health care, and has critical meaning for maintaining social stability and justice, building a harmonious society, highlighting the people-oriented purpose, promoting the sustained and healthy economic development. This paper learned the practice of combined service system from western developed countries, considering the specific situation in China, proposed multiple path of combined service, including community based home care system, long-term care system, diversified financing mechanism and professional medical care service personnel. This will promote the development of combined service mode of medical care and old age care in China, so that the elderly will have a more dignified later life.

This paper substitutes the theme perspective for the rule analysis, i.e. explores the issues of the right consciousness of prisoners from the perspective of prisoners themselves, and attempts to promote the realization of prisoners’ rights. According to our research, under the overall social structure, it was an obedient relation between the traditional prison and its prisoners. The realization of rights was merely decided by the prison and was seen as a “graceful” favor. With the social transformation, the social individualization becomes a prominent feature. Since the individualization disorganizes the original value system, individuals begin to deliberate the meaning of life and their moral ideals,and to claim their rights. In that case, the rights consciousness achieves the transformation from “favor” to “manipulation”. This transformation requires a kind of manipulative consciousness of individuals themselves on the one hand; and on the other hand, requires true respect and acknowledgement of this manipulative consciousness of others. In addition, the freedom of rights can not be confused with excessive rights protection, and the judicial organs should beware of the qualitative change of prisoners in the process of safeguarding their legitimate rights from “rights protection” to “profit seeking”.

The amended Criminal Procedure Law has stipulated the criminal reconciliation system in three items, providing the legitimacy for the criminal reconciliation cases settlement to procuratorial organs. Taking the non prosecution as a starting point, through the empirical analysis of criminal reconciliation cases by Sichuan province procuratorial organs, we can see, although the effect of the legislation can be seen, while restricted by the existing legal framework, the concept of judicial resources, and other factors, the current criminal reconciliation system has problems on its narrow range of application, less approach, low application rate on the limitation of the current legal framework, investigating preconception and judical resources. Therefore, it is necessary to targetedly improve the current legislation framework design on the criminal reconciliation system, including appropriately expanding the range of criminal reconciliation, simplifying the workflow of no prosecutions system and perfecting the modes of criminal reconciliation, based on the background of the current judicial reform.