Abstract: Wang Yangming's legendary life has always been inseparable from the “Tao” and “Heart”. Yangming summarized his Theory of Heart and methods as “four principles” in his late years, from the ontology to say “non-being”, from the point of use to say “being”, from the clarity to say “knowing” and from the action to say “object”. From the ontology to Gongfu, it presents the four theoretical dimensions about ontology of conscience, namely absolute, empirical, sensible and practical conscience. Yangming's Theory of Heart is different from Zen, but also transcended the study of Xiangshan.

Key words: Wang Yangming, ontology of conscience, theoretical dimension