Abstract: The basic old-age insurance system is the stabilizer of Chinas economic and social development, and it is of great practical significance to promote the fairness of urban and rural old-age security. Based on the three dimensions of opportunity equity, process equity and results fairness, this paper finds that the current workers old-age insurance and residents old-age insurance have realized the formal fairness of the insurance opportunity, but the financing model and the payment standard are not unified. The reverse flow of government subsidies and the unreasonable payment of pension treatment hinder the realization of fair process, the basic pensions of workers and residents are very different, the ratio of contribution returns is not equal, and the old-age insurance benefits are essentially unfair. Suggestions: To adjust the level of residents old-age insurance contributions in due course, improve the correlation between the subsidy rate of residentsold-age insurance contribution and the level of contribution, pay more attention to the financial subsidy to urban and rural residents, and promote the construction of the basic old-age insurance system in urban and rural unity.

Key words: social equity, basic old-age insurance, comparative analysis of urban and rural areas