During the Song Dynasty, the official system was complicated and changeable. The most prominent example was that salaries instead of the officers actual assigned functions were based on the titular offices in the early Song Dynasty. The titular offices who indicated the duties of government officials during previous dynasties became a series of ranks also called ranks of the titular offices that determined the salaries and allowances of the officials in the Northern Song Dynasty, unlike the situation before the Tang Dynasty whose official salaries and positions were decided by the official ranks. This paper expounds the process how ranks of the titular offices turned into grand masters and court gentlemen of salary offices among selectman, capital officials and court officials within the civil officials. The variations of their functions are also discussed. To be more specific, the thesis consists of three parts. Firstly, the ranks of the titular offices. Secondly, salary offices(the reformation in Yuanfeng and the reformation in Chongning and Zhenghe). Thirdly, salary offices were divided into “left” and “right”. The feature of this paper is that these issues are illustrated by numerous empirical evidence for the official titles during different periods. And this paper offers a new perspective on the study of salary offices of civil officials in the Song Dynasty.

Yangzhou also was named Weiyang, Guangling and Wuzhou. The economy of Yangzhou was rich and populous in the Tang and Qing Dynasties. Yangzhou also was a flower city. Suitable climate, special culture atmosphere and historical reason madeYangzhou a flower city. The names of Yangzhous viburnum and herbaceous peony spread throughout the world in the Song Dynasty. Yangzhous flower planting dressed the city life, and besides this, the economical element in the southeast China made it also have an economical factor. The flowers proved to be the performance on prosperity of commercial economy and the prosperity of pop culture life.

The study of the pre-Qin philosophers is an important part of the Chinese thoughts history. Different from dividing the pre-Qin philosophers into two groups of the conservatives and the progressives or into various schools, this article demonstrates the status and role of the pre-Qin philosophers in great reforms from the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States Period to the Qin Dynasty and early Han Dynasty from the aspects of internal unity of ideological and social change, makes it clear that the great reform is the commonality and main line of the thoughts of pre-Qin philosophers, and further explores the four levels of ideological system, the Tao, the methodology, the technique, and the skill; hence, discusses the characteristics of their respective ideas and relationships.

Although the Ren of Confucius has been widely discussed, the discussion on the issue of the internal structure of Ren is far from richer and deeper than the interpretation of the meaning of Ren. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing put forward the concept of “the moments of inclusion” in Laocoon to illustrate the intrinsic aesthetic features of plastic arts. The theoretical form of this concept is helpful to understand the internal structure of Ren in Confucius thoughts. In the moral philosophical sense of the mental state, Ren has two intrinsic structural features of time and inclusion. The former makes Confucius Ren have dynamic feature while the latter guarantees Rens internal impetus. As a result, Ren is more likely to exist in the concrete state of the subjects heart, and its universality is more likely to be established in the formal structure. Moreover, the intrinsic structural exploration of the Ren of Confucius also helps to re-examine the metaphysical significance and misinterpretation of aesthetic features that Ren conferred on later generations.

Adolescence is a period when Body Dysmorphic Disorder(BDD)occurs frequently. This study used the body image disorder self-assessment scale, the negative perfectionism questionnaire, and the comprehensive diagnosis scale for interpersonal relationships to conduct a questionnaire survey among senior high school students from four schools in Baoding City. A total of 593 valid questionnaires were obtained. It measured the status quo of the body dysmorphic disorder tendency, perfectionist personality and interpersonal relationships, and explored the relationship among them. The results show that there are positive correlations in the most of dimensions and total scores between the perfectionist personality and the body dysmorphic disorder tendency, there are positive correlations in the most of dimensions and total scores between the perfectionist personality and the interpersonal relationship, and the interpersonal relationship positively correlated with the dimensions and total scores of the body dysmorphic disorder tendency. The analysis results of the structural equation model show that interpersonal relationships play a mediating role between the senior high school students perfectionist personality and the tendency toward body dysmorphic disorders. In the process of mental health education, it is possible to deal with the tendency of senior high school students body dysmorphic disorder by improving interpersonal relationships according to different personality characteristics.

Pre-service teacher training has always been the focus of Japanese teacher training. Establishment of internal quality guarantee mechanism for training program has been important in Japanese pre-service teacher training. Okayama University,as a comprehensive universality, has reformed guarantee mechanism of its pre-service teacher training quality by the establishment of development center for teacher training, mapping out key courses for the training of all its teachers, bettering courses on educational practice and its evaluation mechanism, conducting teacher development programs with students involved, and building a solid system identifying and supporting abilities that are vital for future teachers. Okayama Universitys practice offers some valuable experience for China to draw on.

The high-end positioning of innovation-driven and innovative cities in Xiongan New Area determines the need to nurture and build an attractive and innovative environment. Programmers are the innovative micro-subjects. The space of public innovation is the effective carrier of innovation, and education is the cornerstone of innovation-driven development. Therefore, from the three dimensions of programmers, public innovation space and special educational zone, the paper discusses the innovative and talent-oriented, innovation space as carrier and education as basis to build an attractive and cohesive innovation environment in Xiongan New Area, to make innovators have the will, the opportunity, and the ability to develop their talents, and to realize the organic integration and interaction of talent value, innovation industry and urban ecology, leading innovative development and enhance core competitiveness.

The construction of international financial center has been paid much attention by countries all over the world, and its hierarchy development mode has gradually replaced the point development mode and become a new trend. Under the two national strategies of coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and planning and construction of Xiongan New Area, it is an important measure to build Xiongan international financial center and Beijing-Tianjing-Xiongan international financial center circle. On the basis of reviewing the theory of development in international financial center circle and showing the real evidence in New York, London and Hong Kong, the paper analyzed the significance of Xiongan international financial center, and put forward some realization paths from the top design, financial institutions, infrastructure and legal regulation, as well as humanistic environment.

Opening-up to the outside world is becoming more and more obvious to promote the development of Chinas OFDI. Reviewing and sorting out the relevant policies and management mechanisms on OFDI fully reflects its evolutionary process from “discretion” to “encourage”, “strict” to “simplification” and “starting” to “perfecting”. Practice and empirical evidence demonstrate that Chinas outward foreign direct investment policy has experienced and is undergoing a process of self-improvement, which policy effects are constantly being tested, especially the Belt and Road Initiative provides policy guidelines for Chinese enterprises. The regression results show that it has significantly promoted OFDI of Chinese enterprises to deregulate the foreign exchange management system and foreign investment approval system, to develop and improve the support service system and to guideenvironmental protection policies. The overall policy effect also clearly shows that the policy effect of encouraging enterprises to “go global” is consistent with the original intention of policy formulation and improvement.

From the perspective of total factor productivity, this paper uses the ‘Solo margin rule to select the input variables, and the data envelopment method(DEA)is used to calculate the provincial total factor productivity(TFP)from 1998 to 2017. Furthermore, using the fully modified least squares estimation(FMOLS)method, this paper analyzes the impacts of local government debt expansion on total factor productivity. The empirical results show that although local governments can generate short-term effects of easing financial pressure by innovating various financing platforms, long-term local government debt expansion will have a significant negative effect on total factor productivity. Then, the driving force for the expansion of government debt is more from the ‘weak’ or the uneven development of the central and western regions, or the ‘stronger’ of the better developed eastern countries? The samples are regionalized based on regional heterogeneity considerations. This paper constructs a dynamic panel model with lag period, and further uses the system generalized moment estimation(SYS-GMM)to empirically analyze the degree of “contribution” of local government debt to government debt expansion in different regions. The empirical results show that the government debt expansion in China is more sensitive to the government in the western region than in the eastern and central regions.

Based on the data of local government debts in 30 provinces in 2013 and 2016,the local government debts have been analyzed in global and local spatial autocorrelation.The results show that there is a positive spatial correlation belween debts of local governments in different province and cities,and the proportion of fixed ascet investment, the rate of fiscal revenue absorption,the rate of fiscal self-sufficiency and the rate of revenue stabilpty are positively related to the debt rate,while the rate of GDP growth and the rate of urbanization are negatively related to the debt rate.on this basis,this paper gives some suggestions on the implementation of inter provincial government debt regional policy and supervision and management policy.

The subprime mortgage crisis in United States has had a serious impact on the world economy. This paper reviews the process of the emergence and development of the subprime mortgage crisis on the purpose of enhancing supervision and improving risk management, establishes a model containing monetary policies, asset price and accounting income, and analyses the relationship between the United States Fed interest rate and asset price, based on the data of Fed interest rate changes and the return rate of real estate in the U.S. from 2000 to 2009. It shows that the “return spread”, caused by the lower rate of return of holding monetary assets while the investment in real estate continued to rise, eventually leaded to the rise of leverage and the aggravation of the asset bubble. When monetary policyturned contractionary and “return spread” narrowed suddenly, triggering the burst of bubbles and exposing the entire economy to financial crisis. Therefore, “return spread” reflects the effects of monetary policy on asset price, leverage and asset bubbles, and it provides a new perspective for financial regulating.

Since 1978, while the state-owned enterprises have made a series of achievements, Chinas industrial structure tends to be advanced and rationalized. To explore the relationship between state-owned enterprisesandindustrial structure, China Economist conducted a questionnaire survey from the dimension of state-owned enterprises status, reform of state-owned enterprises and international trade in August 2018. Survey reveals that: Firstly state-owned enterprises and private enterprises have equal status in the process of industrial upgrading. Secondly, in the process of promoting industrial upgrading, the state-owned enterprises have several problems such as insufficient independent innovation, lack of the entrepreneurial spirit, and over capacity caused by promotion tournament and the objection of vested interest groups. Thirdly, compared to property right reform, the competition reforming is more conducive for state-owned enterprises to promote industrial upgrading. And full privatization of state-owned enterprises is not necessarily the most effective way to stimulate their innovation capabilities. Finally, merger and acquisition of foreign enterprises is the most effective way for state-owned enterprises to promote industrial upgrading.

The interaction between social insurance and economic development has long been a hot issue.Based on the analysis of the interaction mechanism between social insurance and economic development, this paper uses the coupling and coordination model to establish the index of social insurance and economic development subsystems, and uses the data from 2006 to 2017 to conduct an empirical analysis of the coupling and coordination relationship.The conclusions of the study are as follows: The coupling degree and coordination degree of the two subsystems of social insurance and economic development in China are increasing year by year, and from maladjusted development to low coordination, from staggered stage to benign coupling.specifically, the comprehensive evaluation of Chinas social insurance from 0.101 in 2006 to 0.728 in 2017, and the comprehensive evaluation of Chinas economic development also from 0.074 in 2006 to 0.257 in 2017. In particular, after 2010, Chinas economic development will promote the transformation of economic structure and the transformation of growth kinetic energy, paying more attention to the improvement of economic quality and the growth of economic benefits. The growth trend of the comprehensive evaluation index of economic development is significantly higher than the first stage in the second stage. The above findings provide a strong evidence for continuously deepening Chinas social insurance system and promoting the high-quality economic development in the New Era.

In the process of social transformation and social change in China, the family structure and family function have changed obviously, and the role of the family in the elderly service has also changed with it. This study takes the role of the family in the elderly service as the main line, and combs the change of it based on the background of economic and social change. In traditional society, families dominate the provision of elderly service, providing almost all of the elderly service of older persons, especially in rural areas. In modern society, socialized elderly service has become an inevitable trend, but the role of family elderly service is still very important, and the daily care and spiritual consolation plays an irreplaceable role. Families face many difficulties in providing elderly service, such as shrinking resources for family elderly service, insufficient government support for families, and the decline of traditional family filial piety. In the future, we should deal with the relationship between family elderly service and social elderly service, help families from many aspects, and give better play to the role of family in elderly service.

The basic old-age insurance system is the stabilizer of Chinas economic and social development, and it is of great practical significance to promote the fairness of urban and rural old-age security. Based on the three dimensions of opportunity equity, process equity and results fairness, this paper finds that the current workers old-age insurance and residents old-age insurance have realized the formal fairness of the insurance opportunity, but the financing model and the payment standard are not unified. The reverse flow of government subsidies and the unreasonable payment of pension treatment hinder the realization of fair process, the basic pensions of workers and residents are very different, the ratio of contribution returns is not equal, and the old-age insurance benefits are essentially unfair. Suggestions: To adjust the level of residents old-age insurance contributions in due course, improve the correlation between the subsidy rate of residentsold-age insurance contribution and the level of contribution, pay more attention to the financial subsidy to urban and rural residents, and promote the construction of the basic old-age insurance system in urban and rural unity.

The Ganzeng ship is one of the main warships in the early Qing Dynasty and one of the best warships in China in the sailing age. In the battle of defending the sea frontier and fighting against the sea pirates, the Ganzeng ship once played an important role. However, due to the poor construction system, the quality of shipbuilding can not keep pace with the times but gradually deteriorate, which is more and more unsuitable for the need of coastal defense struggle. In the nineteenth century, under the challenge of the sea warships, the Ganzeng ship was dwarfed and had to withdraw from the historical stage of the ocean war. By discussing the ups and downs of the Ganzeng ship, we can not only understand the inherent mechanism of the shipbuilding system of the Qing Dynasty, but also summarize its advantages and disadvantages and learn from the past and the present.

Perm phenomenon is one kind of representations of social custom in the Republic of China period. And also, it is a phenomenon which concerns with the beauty of the female in daily life. This paper tries to study this phenomenon with three elements: personal feeling, human desire and power invalidation by related research results of history of everyday life, gender history and psychological study of desire. Thereby, it tries to interpret the function of “human”,which is the basic core in human development in history. Essentially, with the social development, perm is a social phenomenon requested by the beauty desire of the female.The transformation of the states status at home and abroad(the “female status” in the international community and the “male status” in the domestic society)made it inev-itable for the government of the Republic of China to ban womens perm. However, the beauty and the seeking benefit desires are crucial elements that lead the failure of the prohibition.