Abstract: As the population keeps aging in China, it is urgent to establish a basic endowment insurance system covering people prescribed by law and to protect the future life of citizens. At present, China has made remarkable progress in peoples participation in national pension insurance. However, there are still 57 million uninsured persons with low willingness to participate in insurance, which is hampering the expansion of basic endowment insurance. In addition, matters like poor transfer of endowment insurance relations, uncertainty in labor relations between migrant workers and employers which makes it difficult for the former to guarantee their rights in endowment insurance also hinder the improvement of coverage of basic old-age insurance. Uninsurance, underinsurance and abandoning insurance are common phenomena. In view of the above difficulties, some countermeasures, such as reducing the payment amount appropriately of endowment insurance for urban workers, publicizing the role of basic endowment insurance in order to encourage social members to participate in insurance actively, establishing a more flexible and equitable participation mechanism, strengthening law enforcement by relevant departments, and carrying out the basic endowment insurance of the national co-ordination as soon as possible, are obviously vital.

Key words: peoples participation in national pension insurance, legal population, basic endowment insurance, old age security