Abstract: The concept of marriage and childbearing has a fundamental guiding role in shaping marriage and childbearing behavior.In the face of the continuous challenges brought about by the significant changes in the size and structure of Chinas population,it is of profound theoretical and practical significance to build a new marriage and childbearing culture that is compatible with the strategic goal of long-term and balanced development of population.Since the reform and opening up,the concept of marriage and childbearing in China has undergone unprecedented changes,forming the main population characteristics such as the gradual delay of marriage and childbearing age,the increase of divorce and cohabitation,the general reduction of fertility intention and behavior,and the diversified development of family relationship structure.The formation of such marriage and childbearing culture mentioned above is the results of many driving factors,such as the great social transformation driven by economic development,the improvement of the education level of all the people especially women,family economy and support function weakened by social security system,marriage and childbearing behavior squeezed by the cost of social mobility and the value of marriage and childbearing eroded by materialism and individualism.Thus,to build a new marriage and childbearing in the new era should further improve the marriage and childbearing policy support system to enhance the positive effect of marriage and childbearing behavior,strengthen the guidance of socialist core values,emphasize the responsibilities of marriage and childbearing to construct home and country value jointly,strengthen the consciousness of gender equality,attache great importance to the family construction,and vigorously carry forward the excellent traditional family culture,thus forming a strong social mainstream consciousness and social normative force,achieve a moderate level of marriage and childbearing,and eventually promote long-term and balanced development.

Key words: long-term and balanced population development, the concept of marriage and childbearing, marriage and childbearing culture in the new era, childbearing policies