Abstract: Medical security for poverty alleviation is one of the core missions in the development of Chinas medical security policy at the current stage.Based on the theory of risk,the government-led anti-poverty efforts effectively interrupt the causal interaction between health risks and economic risks,as well as the issues of economic poverty and its spillover effects through medical security.Chinas medical security for poverty alleviation has evolved from “initial exploration” to “standardized development” and then to “optimized transformation”,forming a three-level policy system focused on poverty alleviation through medical service,medical assistance,and medical insurance.The anti-poverty measures in healthcare have been continuously improved,with increasing efficiency and functions,and the functions of the medical insurance anti-poverty policy have been continuously enhanced.However,challenges remain in the transformation of the healthcare anti-poverty policy system,the optimization of institutional reforms,and the enhancement of policy functions.Currently,it is crucial to clarify the objectives of healthcare anti-poverty policies,improve the policy system,enhance the effectiveness of these policies,and promote the high-quality development of the healthcare anti-poverty system.

Key words: medical security for poverty alleviation, medical assistance, medical insurance, medical service