Abstract: Despite the achievements of “national health insurance” in China, the urban-rural gap and unfairness of health insurance reduced the institutional guarantee effect. Promoting the integration of urban and rural residents basic medical insurance system is an effective way to achieve fairness in medical insurance, and it is the concentrated reflection of fairness in rights, opportunities and rules. In practice, the integration of urban and rural residents basic medical insurance system has improved the fairness of the insured and medical resources, including expanding coverage, achieving unity, improving security ability, and promoting the equalization of medical resources. At the same time, however, since the payment and treatment of the sub-files does not reflect the true fairness, there are still some problems of insufficient fairness in the integration process of the urban and rural residents basic medical insurance system. Therefore, it is necessary to further promote the “fair health insurance” from the perspective of promoting substantive equity, balancing the allocation of medical resources, and improving the standard of overall planning.

Key words: national health insurance, integrating urban and rural residents basic medical insurance system, fairness