Abstract: There are two ways for human social governance: the one is to play the role of external force such as law and administrative organization standard;the other is to play the role of internal soft constraints of ethics.But in the governance of the primitive society,it is ethics that mainly play a role.From the perspective of ethics,primitive collectivism is the core of its ethics,democracy and equality are the basic ethical principles,unity and mutual assistance are the ethical requirements of the internal governance,and courage and strength are the virtues for the external governance.The original ethics are still in the development stage of "morality" and are in the embryonic state of morality,showing as simple,plain and vulgar.It has realized the governance of production life and social affairs mainly through the totem worship,taboo,manners,customs,and even witchcraft.

Key words: primitive society, ethics, social governance