Abstract: The Tang Dynasty formed a typical form of the accountability system for ancient Chinese judges,with the four-class official system(main master,judge,general judge,and chief)being the representative of the judges responsibility system in the Chinese legal system.The Song Dynasty inherited the system of investigating the responsibility of judges from the previous generation and implemented the system of “Ju”,“Xian”,and “Pan” in state level trials,which incorporated the power balance of trial,prosecution,and judgment into the fourth class official responsibility system.The accountability system for state level judges in the Song Dynasty evolved from a hierarchical system to a link hierarchical system,and the accountability path changed from bottom to top to from front to back.The division based system of accountability for judges created a more complete style and form.The Ming and Qing Dynasties abolished the system of division of court and court,and restored the responsibility system of four-class officials system in the Tang Dynasty.As a result,the Song Dynasty became the historical peak of the accountability system for judges in ancient China.

Key words: the Song Dynasty, trial system, judge, judicial responsibility