Abstract: Fairness and justice are the inherent requirements of Chinese characteristics. Since 40 years of the reform and opening up, our government has continuously increased its attention to social security, and has always practiced the concept of fairness. A series of policies and regulations have been promulgated and implemented, gradually promoting the content of social security from single to multiple, extending the coverage of social security from urban to rural areas, and upgrading the quality of social security from low level to high level. According to Stacy Adams equity theory, whether there are differences in social security expenditure among regions has a significant impact on peoples perception of fairness. Through data analysis of 10 indicators of starting fairness, process fairness and result fairness, the results show that social security expenditure in 31 provinces is increasing continuously, but the inter-regional capital supply is not balanced. However, the relative differences of most indicators are narrowing. Further expanding the coverage of social security, standardizing the collection and expenditure of social security funds and making up for shortcomings are the way to promote the fair and sustainable development of social security system during the 13th Five-Year Plan period.

Key words: fairness, social security, reform and opening up, attention