While Wang Chuanshan reflects and summarizes Neo-Confucianism,he pays close attention to the problem of noumenon and has put forward various conceptions,such as “Taixu”,“Tian”,“Taihe” and “Dao”.Generally speaking,there can be only one noumenon in one theory,so what is its true noumenon?As a matter of fact,the true noumenon is Taiji and he explains it from the perspectives of “Taixu”,“Tian”,“Taihe” and “Dao”,then he makes a further discussion about the nature of “No Beginning of Taiji”.In general,Wangs above theory inherits Zhang Zais theory,and deepens and develops the idea of Yi Zhuan and Taiji Tu Theory.

“Ping Yuan” concept was brought up by Guo Xi in Northern Song Dynasty and accepted with advocacy by literates at that time.Then the schema structure in Song and Yuan Dynasties Landscape Paintings changed from“lofty” and “far-reaching” in early Song Dynasty to“Ping Yuan”.“Ping Yuan” schema has the characteristics of vision,virtual reality and space-time,which construct the “unexpected interest”and“plain state”of Ping Yuan Landscape,and highlights the transcending carefree,peaceful and indifferent life realm.At the same time,this schema structure also derives into a kind of“cultural memory”,which supports and enlivens the cultural life.

Wang Yangmings “unity of knowledge and action” is based on the existence of “nothing outside the mind”,while the split of this existence is the reason for the dichotomy of knowledge and action.As far as the essence of knowledge and action is concerned,“knowledge” is the manifestation of conscience as root of all things,and from the perspective of the continuity of mind and matter,the manifestation of conscience also means to be;“action” includes peoples thoughts and behavior,but as they and the presence of all things are one,“action” actually indicates the opening of conscience or to be.Thus,“knowledge” and “action” are both the manifestation of conscience in time,or different aspects of the same being.In terms of knowledge and action as kung fu,“knowledge” means intuiting conscience,and “action” refers to opening or extending conscience.However,with conscience non-existent but inseparable from existence and no distinction between subject and object in the true existence of the continuity of mind and matter,intuiting conscience means obtaining conscience by revealing conscience as a unified existence,so intuiting conscience is opening conscience.In conclusion,“knowledge” and “action” are two aspects of the same kung fu for extending conscience,the practice opening conscience as the true existence,which means to become the existence of the continuity of mind and matter is the nature of knowledge and action.

In the modern sense,municipal administration refers to the planning of urban construction and management.The concept of municipal administration in Rites of Zhou not only means administrating the economic operation,but also contains a deeply political implication—founding a country.Its “market behind the court” is not only the management rule of the relationship between “market” and “city”,but also reflects the feudal societys family and world philosophy of “the king manages the government affairs” and “the queen manages the municipal affairs”.

The records of “Trading for home” in the excavated excavations in the northwestern region,mostly concentrated in the “clearance certificate” of the JinGuan bamboo slips of Han Dynasty and the JuYan bamboo slips of Han Dynasty.The route of “Trading for home” is closely related to the social and economic conditions and folk customs in different areas of the Han Dynasty.This kind of trading behavior reflects the imbalance in the development of the commodity economy of the Han Dynasty,and proves the different natural economic region exchanges recorded in the Huo Zhi Biography of The Historical Records.As a small and medium-sized long-distance trading,“Trading for home” provides a wealth of information for the study of private trading and commodity economic development in the Han Dynasty.

At the beginning of the founding of New China,the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China focused on improving and perfecting the system of requesting instructions and submitting reports,and through measures such as refined and standardized implementation of the system,and effective implementation of the system,which effectively solved the problems such as poor government orders,the emergence of bureaucracy,and the serious phenomenon of decentralization in the early days of new China to create conditions and provide guarantees for consolidating the partys leadership and advancing the construction of New China.It provides valuable experience and useful reference for strengthening system construction in the new era and transforming system advantages into governance efficiency.At present,we should not only carry out institutional construction under the partys centralized and unified leadership,but also innovate institutions under the guidance of Marxist theory.On this basis,we must continue to improve the national system and national governance system,and enhance the implementation of the system to ensure that the advantages of the system are successfully transformed into governance efficiency.

The Manchuria Plague of 1910-1911 played a connecting role in modern Chinese public health construction.Social changes since the late Qing period have gradually made official and masses aware of modern medicine.This epidemic promoted the development of the public health system in China.Wu Lien-teh and other Western medical experts not only successfully extinguished the epidemic,but also effectively cubed the penetration Japan and Russia into northeast China in the name of epidemic prevention.They also took the successful protect as an opportunity to devote their lifelong learning to Chinas public health.His contribution is an epitome of the construction of Western medical system in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China,showing some historical aspects of the development of modern Chinese medical treatment under the inseparable interweaving effect of science,politics and culture.

With the development of Inclusive Finance and the implementation of targeted poverty alleviation,the breadth and depth of households participation in the financial market have been continuously improved,and the effect of family financial service availability on household income distribution has become increasingly prominent.Using China Household Financial Survey(CHFS),this paper adopts income transfer matrix and ordered probit model to study the impact of family financial service availability on income mobility.The results show that the increase of family financial service availability has a positive impact on the upward mobility of low-income families,and has a restraining effect on the downward mobility of high-income families,and the robustness test of urban and rural subsamples and panel verifies the reliability of empirical results.Improving family financial service availability plays a positive role in promoting micro income mobility and alleviating the solidification of social income class.The government should promote Inclusive Financial development to reduce financing costs,optimize regional allocation of financial resources,strengthen financial education and protect vulnerable financial groups.

Due to the technology gap between developed countries and developing countries,the advanced technology will spread from developed countries to developing countries through various channels during economic exchanges.Based on the collection of provincial panel data from 2007 to 2017,this paper establishes a recursive model and a non-recursive model,and uses Partial Least Squares(PLS)method to measure the effect of technology diffusion from the United States to China.The results show that the indicator for technology gap between China and America doesnt promote technological progress,while the international trade,FDI between China and the United States promote Chinas technological progress.In addition,Chinese government policy,economic environment,infrastructure,and so on,affect the technology diffusion between China and the US,and are positively correlated with Chinas technological progress.By the comparative analysis of the empirical results of the recursive model and the non-recursive model,it shows that whether the model considers the mutual influence between independent variables has a certain influence on the empirical results of the model,but the degree of influence is not too much.

The spirit of contract and law deeply hidden in peoples ideas is a kind of “habit of thought” or “spiritual attitude”,and its sacredness and binding force is highly recognized and respected.The formation of german peoles contract and legal spirit has experienced an evolutionary process from patience and obedience to the rules established by military and political power to respect and obedience to the contract and law on the principle of democratic eguality.The German peoples spirit of contract and law has a significant impact on the legislative process and goal of dual vocational education.Among them,the spirit not only determines the possibility of dual legislation,restricts the creation process of dual legislation,affects the main content of dual legislation,but also determines the degree of implementation of dual legislation.In addition,peoples contract and legal spirit also has an important impact on the realization of dual legislative goals from the perspective of incentives and constraints.

As the inheritance and development of liberal education,general education rose in the United States in the 1940s,which has a wide and profound impact on the education and social development of the United States,and also made the world draw lessons from.At present,the general education courses are generally offered in the mainland universities in China,but the implementation is not ideal.This paper studies the main characteristics and core concepts of general education in Harvard University,and points out that general education inherits the humanity of liberal education,and has typical democracy and strong epoch.As the foundation of professional education,this paper aims to cultivate a responsible person and excellent citizen,hoping to provide valuable reference for general education in China.

Rural domestic garbage classification and treatment is to realize the reduction,recycling and harmlessness of domestic garbage from the source.It is an important means to improve the rural living environment and an urgent need for ecological livability.To improve the rural domestic waste classification management,we starts with the influencing factors of rural domestic waste classification management,focusing on the relationship between the influencing factors and countermeasures.Using network analysis method to sort out the importance of influencing factors of rural domestic garbage classification and treatment is to promote the effective treatment of rural governance of domestic garbage classification.At present,the rural governance of domestic garbage classification and treatment is not ideal,which is mainly reflected in the cultural and conceptual factors at the individual level;the institutional,participatory and financial factors at the organizational level;the innovation and talent factors at the implementation level.The results show that the establishment of multi-governance pattern is the foundation of garbage classification and treatment.At the individual level,we should attach great importance to the leading position of rural women.At the organizational level,a garbage classification system suitable for rural characteristics should be established.At the implementation level,we should rely on technological innovation and the introduction of new rural talents under the background of new infrastructure construction.

The social information flow in manufacturing enterprises influences the formation of an innovation value chain(IVC)for enterprises.From the interactive relations among enterprises units,inter-units and information,the paper puts forward a new path for information flow for manufacturing enterprises under the view of IVC;meanwhile,builds a framework for information flow mechanism as “information access-information transformation-information appreciation” in accordance with the three phrase model of IVC;and further analyzes the component for information flow path,the model and parameter choice for information transformation and value-added information.The manufacturing enterprises needs focus on policy,technique and market information,and the absorption and transformation mechanism of each subject in the process of innovation are closely related to its identity,knowledge absorbing capability,innovation capability and information volume,which therefore affects the flow path,direction and identifying method for the integration of information and innovation.

The innovation and construction of grassroots administrative approval mechanism are directly related to the implementation effect of administrative approval reform.Through multiple case studies on the service practice of grassroots administrative approval in four counties in China,the paper found that the effective grassroots administrative approval mechanism should focus on service-oriented logic as the concept,multiple subjects as the leading,public value as the goal,joint production as the approach,and system circulation as the structure.The focus of the next step should be to adhere to the concept of service-oriented logic and provide comprehensive service guarantees;use multiple means to give full play to the role of multiple subjects;actively improve the efficiency and responsiveness of examination and approval,and realize the public value of the administrative examination and approval process;improve service quality by carrying out joint actions to improve the quantity and quality of administrative approval at the grassroots level;and build a systematic and circular structure to ensure a virtuous circle of the integration process.

Performance evaluation is an important way to test the effect of poverty alleviation.In recent years,in the shape of purchasing services,the government poverty alleviation institutions have introduced the third-party institutions to participate in the assessment and evaluation of poverty alleviation effectiveness,making every effort to obtain fair and reliable assessment results.In addition to the governments support and guidance,the quality of the third-party assessment is crucial to the credibility and authority of the assessment results.The quality of the third-party institutions work has been evaluated through the questionnaire survey concerning the independence,professionalism,objectivity and service of the third-party institutions from the perspective of grassroots poverty alleviation cadres,and we hope the evaluation mechanism of the third-party institutions will be optimized from the aspects of system guarantee,organization construction,evaluation methods and information disclosure;at the same time the quality of the evaluation results will be improved and the effectiveness of poverty alleviation will be judged accurately.

The health of aging population is an important issue in the process of aging in China.Based on the new changes and characteristics of the health of the aging population in the new era,it is increasingly important and necessary to promote the research on the health of the aging population from an interdisciplinary perspective.Based on the analytical framework of “society-behavior-psychology-environment-genetics” of interdisciplinary research on the health of the aging population,the current core topics of the research on the health of the aging population mainly focus on the influencing factors, resource allocation,equity of the health of the aging population,the health of the aging population and labor market, etc.At the same time, there are still some restrictive factors in the research,such as failure to establish theoretical system,insufficiency of the depth and breadth of research practice,the needs of integrating health data platform,the relative weakness of talent training,and the insufficient integration of government,industries,universities and research institutes.In the future,it is necessary to comprehensively improve the research level of the health of the aging populationin in China from the aspects of constructing an interdisciplinary theoretical system with Chinese characteristics,establishing the research focus in line with the national conditions, building the unified data resource sharing platform,innovating the talent training mode,and strengthening the integration construction of government,industries, universities and research institutes.

It is the key to implement the national insurance program and improve the willingness of the young and medium-aged rural residents to renew their insurance.Taking the willingness of urban and rural residents to renew endowment insurance as dependent variable,and the perceived usefulness and satisfaction as the mechanism,the paper constructs a theoretical model of social interaction affecting the willingness of rural residents to renew insurance.Using the survey data of 678 rural residents,the multi intermediary model of social interaction and insurance renewal intention was tested by using structural equation model and shoe pulling method.The research shows that social interaction has two functions,direct and indirect,on insurance renewal intention.The analysis of specific intermediary function shows that perceived usefulness and satisfaction mediate the part of social interaction on insurance renewal willingness.Social interaction also influences insurance renewal willingness through the common path of perceived usefulness and satisfaction;compared with intermediary function,it is found that the mediating effect of perceived usefulness is significantly greater than that of satisfaction,and it is also significantly greater than the mediating effect of the common path of perceived usefulness and satisfaction.