Abstract: The data from the OECD database present that the unemployment rate has been on a volatile rise for nearly half a century.In western developed capitalist countries,with the advancement of scientific and technological revolution,the standard of science and technology has been significantly improved,while at the same time,the employment situation is not optimistic.In this case,it is particularly necessary to reflect on the problems of labor substitution and unemployment caused by the progress of science and technology.Focusing on the opposition between science and technology and labor is not to query the rationality of the development of science and technology itself,but to reflect on the consequences of the use of science and technology in capitalism society.This question had been fully discussed in Marxs Das Kapital and its manuscripts.Under the study of Marxs Das Kapital and its manuscripts,it can be seen that this conflict begins from the technologys replacement for labor,and its precondition is the use of technology in a capitalized way.The result is a volatile rise in unemployment and the exploitation of the nature of human.This replacement is based on the capitalism mode of production.In the capitalist mode of production,labor is alienated from the means of labor,and the labor of workers is an isolated labor that loses the ownership of means of production.Therefore,to solve the opposition should realize the unity of labor and ownership.Blindly following the logic of capitalism production can only lead to human being dominated by alienated technology.

Key words: scientific and technological capital, labor justice, unemployment