The portraits of Emperors of Song Dynasty were enshrined from Tai Zu Period,which had close relationship with Buddhism and Taoism,and was actually to pray for blessings.The formal ritual of the portraits of Emperors worship was held in Zhen Zong Period,which was different from the ritual of Yuan Miao.establishing another temple outside the imperial temple.The Jingling Palace was enlarged to eleven temples in accordance to the Yuan Miao regulation to hold the Zhao Xiang ceremony so that it became Yuan Miao in essence.During the Song Dynasty,the portraits were enshrined both in Taiqing Palace and Yuqingzhaoying Palace besides the Jingling Palace.The ritual also differed from that of Morning Greeting,which employed more rituals of Buddhism by a minister than the emperor praying personally with less Buddhism etiquette.The nine-year ritual system of Dazhong Xiangfu was a relatively simple one,but the system of Huizong government and period was very complicated.It was different from other countries sacrificial rituals to offer simple dishes for the worship.

The compilation of Huizong Yuji in Shaoxing period of the Southern Song Dynasty,the establishment of Fuwen Pavilion of Yuji emperors pavilion and the establishment of the rites of worshiping the emperor are important political system reconstruction projects since Shaoxing peace treaty.Huizong Yuji is the first compilation of the collection of the first generation of monarchs in the Southern Song Dynasty.At the same time of inheriting the old practice of editing the anthology of the first emperor in the Northern Song Dynasty,Huizong Yuji has made a brand-new plan and creation in the compilation process,collection principles and etiquette,forming a relatively complete compilation regulation and etiquette of burial of an emperor.Through the intuitive form of etiquette,the legitimacy of Emperor Gaozongs inheritance of the rule of law is rendered.Besides,the establishment of Ge Tiezhi under the influence of Huizong Yuji had shown its meaning of transition during the development of Wen Tiezhi system.

Culture,as a basic way of existence of human beings,is the meaning norm established by a historical nation for its own real life,and preserved in time.Although culture is a priori in the individual being and requires the individual to adapt and acquire constantly in the acquired life experience,it is not an unquestionable and unalterable “absolute order”.Taking Western culture as a mirror of our own “other” helps us to know ourselves more soberly and comprehensively.Because of the dual cultural background of its creative group,North American Chinese literature naturally has the perspective of looking at the world and the meaning of cultural reflection.Yan Gelings novel Youth reveals the division of the times and the artificial collective subconsciousness of the people by depicting the unique national psychological structure and inner soul image of the Chinese people in the sixties and seventies of the 20th century.This paper makes a deep reflection on the “hypocrisy” side of Chinese culture.Through the family change history of the four generations of the Dai family,Yuan Jinmeis novella Loyal Minister and Rebellious Son probes into the limitations of the historical era and cultural environment,and can go deep into the cultural roots lurking under human nature through the superficial cultural phenomenon to reveal the fundamental purpose of life.

For a long time,the amount of Chinese literary works translated into foreign languages is far less than that of foreign literary works translated into Chinese.In consideration of this problem,and illuminated by the ways that foreign literary works entered China,this paper puts forward five possible ways—school education,recommendation of celebrities,TV series or films,mass media and non-translation form of communication—to publicize the versions of Chinese literary works in foreign countries.When translating Chinese literary works,the translators are supposed to bear in minds:whether the target readers are in need of them,whether the target readers are ready to accept new knowledge,whether the known knowledge is enough to help the target readers catch the new knowledge and for what they are reading.The translation of Chinese literature can produce different versions with different difficulties and forms according to specific situations,so as to speed up the spread of Chinese literature abroad.

Mongolian style symphony works are a series of symphony works created by composers in the long-term writing practice,which take Mongolian cultural connotation as the performance content,take Mongolian style folk songs,instrumental music melody or self-created melody with Mongolian style as the theme of works and run through the development.These works express the Mongolian history,heroes,natural features,folk customs and other contents related to the Mongolian culture in the composers eyes.They express the spirit,character and temperament of the Mongolian nation,convey the lofty aesthetic ideal of the Mongolian nation,and sublimate the feelings,unique culture and aesthetic way of the Mongolian nation.

Legal justice is the core ethical value that should be followed in the design and implementation of the legal system.The concept of legal justice is the general understanding of the justice of the legal system.Starting from the philosophy of labor and on the basis of criticizing the western traditional view of legal justice,especially the bourgeois view of legal justice,Marx put forward the Marxist view of legal justice.Marx believed that the legal justice was built on the basis of material production and labor,and the abstract legal justice beyond the stage of social material production and development could not be realized in practice.Legal justice is the unity of opposites between abstract and concrete;the essence of bourgeois legal justice is to demonstrate the legitimacy of maximizing capital interests;the essence of socialist legal justice is to maintain the legitimacy of maximizing labor interests;maintaining the distribution according to work as the core of social material distribution is the foundation of socialist legal justice.

The data from the OECD database present that the unemployment rate has been on a volatile rise for nearly half a century.In western developed capitalist countries,with the advancement of scientific and technological revolution,the standard of science and technology has been significantly improved,while at the same time,the employment situation is not optimistic.In this case,it is particularly necessary to reflect on the problems of labor substitution and unemployment caused by the progress of science and technology.Focusing on the opposition between science and technology and labor is not to query the rationality of the development of science and technology itself,but to reflect on the consequences of the use of science and technology in capitalism society.This question had been fully discussed in Marxs Das Kapital and its manuscripts.Under the study of Marxs Das Kapital and its manuscripts,it can be seen that this conflict begins from the technologys replacement for labor,and its precondition is the use of technology in a capitalized way.The result is a volatile rise in unemployment and the exploitation of the nature of human.This replacement is based on the capitalism mode of production.In the capitalist mode of production,labor is alienated from the means of labor,and the labor of workers is an isolated labor that loses the ownership of means of production.Therefore,to solve the opposition should realize the unity of labor and ownership.Blindly following the logic of capitalism production can only lead to human being dominated by alienated technology.

The thought of cultural harmony is an important part of Li Dazhaos early cultural thoughts.The formation of Li Dazhaos thought of cultural harmony was influenced not only by Chinese traditional Confucian culture and Taoism,but also by western liberalism and mutual aid.In his thought of cultural harmony,he defined harmony as two existence and competition through the study of the original meaning of harmony,and made rational reflection on the new and old Chinese culture and the western culture in modern China.In the reconciliation between the old and the new,he advocated replacing the old with the new,and the foothold was to open the new.In the reconciliation between China and the West,he advocated gradually changing from absorbing the advantages of western civilization to creating a third civilization on the basis of integrating the existing eastern and western civilizations,and identified the third civilization as a socialist civilization guided by Marxism after the October revolution.Therefore,his thought of cultural harmony was not only unique at that time,but also one of the motivations for forming his Marxist view,which made his former and later thoughts in a transition and continuity.Although the times have changed,the progressiveness and inclusiveness in Li Dazhaos thought of cultural harmony have important significance for us to deal with cultural problems and carry out cultural construction.

As the oldest institution of higher education in the United States,liberal arts colleges have evolved with the changes of society and times.In the 1970s,American liberal arts colleges experienced unprecedented challenges.Their survival was threatened by changing social needs,competition from public institutions,and the financial crisis of themselves.In order to cope with the survival crisis,on the one hand,liberal arts colleges have chosen to adapt to the needs of the market and consumers,by adjusting their major and curriculum,and dereloping towards the direction of comprehensiveness and professionalism;on the other hand,many liberal arts colleges have responded to profound social changes by changing traditional single-gender education to coeducation.These changes have changed the competitive landscape of liberal arts colleges,resulting in increased stratification among different types of colleges.This reform is an important strategy for the liberal arts college to meet the needs of times and maintain their existence.It has changed their tradition of single-purpose education and their image of single-gender education,but the tradition of liberal education and their small,independent characteristics have not disappeared.

The current reform of engineering education is driven by the internal and external driving forces.In the traditional engineering education,the control of technology on human has reached an unparalleled level,which makes the return to “human” itself become the internal driving forces of engineering education reform;the accelerated evolution of the new industrial revolution and the integration of multi-disciplines have become the external driving force of engineering education reform.This kind of internal and external driving force promotes the paradigm shift of engineering education,that is,the rise of “New engineering movement” which is essentially equivalent in international connotation.Based on the above internal and external driving forces of engineering education reform,this paper compared the cultivation modes of Tianjin University and Olin College;analyzed their features of talents cultivation philosophy,modular curriculum,project-based teaching methods and process evaluation mechanism;finally put forward some significant paths to deepen the emerging engineering education,such as giving consideration to individual and social development,promoting interdisciplinary integration and building a process evaluation mechanism with multiple subjects.

American scholar Philip G.Altbach established the educational attachment theory based on the attachment theory system,taking “center” and “edge” as the logical starting point,this paper studies the “controlling” and “controlled” relationship and its causes between the western industrial countries and the third world countries in the current world higher education pattern.Examining and reflecting on the construction of world-class universities with Chinese characteristics from the perspective of this theory not only requires us to guard against the erosion of academic colonialism,the flooding of self-colonization tendency and the loss of national cultural identity,but also needs us to break through the shackles of dependent development.Striving to realize the transformation from “cultural attachment” to “cultural self-reliance”,from “model imitation” to “model innovation”,from “academic adherence” to “academic guidance”,and from “western standard” to “Chinese standard” will promote Chinas higher education to move from dependent development to independent development,innovative development and leading development,and achieve the strategic goal of building a powerful country in higher education.

COVID-19 is spreading in the world currently.It is essential to study the relationship between entrepreneur confidence,consumer confidence and industrial development,which is useful for the rational formulation of post-epidemic economic policies and the healthy development of Chinas economy.Based on the quarterly statistical data of the National Bureau of Statistics from 2001 to 2019,this paper builds a VAR model and compares the differences between the impact of entrepreneur confidence and consumer confidence in the secondary and tertiary industries through impulse response analysis and variance decomposition.The results show that the impact of entrepreneur confidence on the second industry is greater than that of the third industry,while the impact of consumer confidence on the third industry is greater than that of the second industry in the short term.As time goes on,the impact of consumer confidence on the second industry is more and more obvious.Compared with the entrepreneur confidence,the influence of consumer confidence on the industrial development is more lasting,and the influence of consumer confidence on the output of the secondary industry is relatively lagging.The government should pay attention to the guidance of market expectation,formulate confidence stimulating policies in combination with the differences of industrial structure between regions and the sensitivity of different industries to the changes of confidence;take into account the differences in the future development direction of the industry and the impact of the epidemic on the industry;improve the bias of confidence on related industries;combine the time characteristics of the effect of the confidence of entrepreneurs and consumers,and formulate long-term and short-term economic policies of coordination.

From the micro perspective of accounting income,this paper studies the risk of macro-economic operation,finds that the gap between the return on assets between monetary assets and investment real estate continues to widen,which leads to the increase of macro leverage and financial risk.Based on the annual data of China from 2000 to 2018,the Koyck model is constructed to empirically test the relationship between the return spread of different types of assets and the leverage ratio of the government departments,the leverage ratio of the household sector,the leverage ratio of non-financial enterprises and the leverage ratio of the real economy.The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between the return spread and the leverage of government departments,the leverage of household sector,the leverage ratio of non-financial enterprises and the leverage ratio of the real economy.When “return spread” has continued to widen,and the macro leverage of various departments has been rising,asset bubbles will be hard to be suppressed,and macroeconomic risks will be great.This study has provides a new perspective for the smooth deleveraging and keeping the bottom line of no systemic financial risk.

As a rule system dealing with the division of responsibility,power allocation and benefit distribution among the parties in the public economy,the scientific nature of the public economic system is not only important for the effective play of the productive forces of the public economy,the rational allocation of public economic resources and the healthy and sustainable development of the whole public economy,but also plays a key role in the power,dynamism and international competitiveness of the entire mixed economy.From the perspective of public economics,the essence of the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity is the modernization of public economic management,and the scientization of public economic system is the core and foundation of the modernization of public economic management,so to promote the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity needs to be based on the perfect public economic system.To build a complete set of public economic system,we need to design it in accordance with scientific functional objectives and correct guiding principles,so as to achieve good governance results.

The traditional biological treatment model was queried in the early 20th century and the three-dimensional treatment mode of “biology-psychology-society” has been paid more and more attention.It aims to find the root of patients diseases from multiple perspectives and find all-round treatment ways.Therefore,medical social work emerges as the times require.By studying the medical social work archives in Peking Union Medical College Hospital,the article finds that the medical social work carried out by Peking Union Medical College Hospital keeps pace with the world development level in 1921 and has accumulated a lot of valuable experiences for more than 30 years of practice.The experiences such an “Helping people to help themselves,economic assistance,supervision system,follow-up system,and client ecosystem” are still of great significance for the practice of medical social work today.

The unfilial behavior with its daily practical logic analysis of explanation and acceptance mechanisms can be used as a reference for the contemporary research on the filial piety culture.The bottom line of the filial piety in L Village of rural North China is reflected from the supply of material to the treatment of illness and dutiful supporting of spirit together with the grandness of burial as well as the solemnity and punctuality of sacrifice.There are four kinds of unfilial behaviors.The first is reasonable denial of supporting,namely with the argument that the elderly is healthy,failing to fulfill the responsibility of intergenerational care,and the unfair treatment among the brothers.The second is excusable with no treatment and negligence of adoptive and terminally ill parents.The third is the formalized grief towards the deceased parents.The last is no burial and the extinction of the original intention of sacrifice ceremony.These four unfilial behaviors were condemned,ignored,and tolerated by the village culture.The factors underlying these behaviors rest on the changing of the field forming mechanism during the social transition in Chinese rural areas.And its motivation stems from the evolution of the peasants ethical value orientation about living.This means that money constitutes the competitive standard for living in a rural household.This kind of change should be referred to and paid attention to in the study of rural pension.

Yashang has the function of communicating market and promoting commodity circulation,as well as monopolizing the market, manipulating prices, bullying the market and taking commissions at will. After entering the modern times, the important position of Yashang in the commercial trade is not declining but more and more prominent. At the beginning,the Anti-Japanese Base Area of the policy of “ limiting Yashang ”. After 1942, based on the economic construction as the center, taking the development of commercial trade and the prosperity and stability of the market as the coordinates,shanxi-hebei-shandong-henan Anti-Japanese Base Area carried out transformation and management of Yashang policy. Formulated the policy of Yashang with the characteristics of The Times, with remarkable results. It laid a solid foundation for the recovery and development of commercial activities, the victory of the economic war against the enemy and the final victory of the Anti-Japanese War.

In the new era,the construction of Chinas Internet ideology system must focus on building a perfect network supervision system,governance system,risk assessment system,security system and other aspects,establish a network public opinion monitoring system,improve the network content review system,improve the network qualification review system and online information real-time monitoring and tracking system,strengthen the legal,administrative and technological governance of the Internet,improve the Internet space monitoring system,public opinion research and judgment mechanism,emergency warning mechanism,response or crisis handling mechanism,summary and evaluation mechanism,and improve the public opinion guidance mechanism,the social reward and punishment mechanism,the interest adjustment mechanism,and the funding guarantee mechanism.

Intellectuals,as one of the main bodies promoting the sinicization of Marxism,play an indispensable and irreplaceable role in the historical process of realizing the sinicization of Marxism.In the period of democratic revolution,this kind of role is outstanding in promoting the spread of Marxism in China,realizing the combination of Marxism and national culture,promoting the popularization,modernization and practice of Marxism,as well as the formation and development of sinicized Marxism.The great historical role played by the intellectuals in the process of sinicization of Marxism is of great significance for us to further promote the sinicization of Marxism in the new era.