Abstract: The Song Dynasty was the initial period and the transformation period of the ancient Official Pharmacy.The Shi Yi Fa proposed by Wang Anshi is a key institutional chain in the process of establishment,development and change of the Official Pharmacy.The creation of the Official Pharmacy stemed from the dispute over the monopoly sale of the medicine by the Shi Yi wu medicine shop.In this way,Shen Zong ordered the medicine shop of Shi Yi wu to be a department and reorganize the Tai Yi Ju,coordinated the resources of the manufacturing and selling institutions of the Official Pharmacy,and wanted to achieve the dual goals of making profits at stabilize prices and benefiting the people with charity.The operation and development of the Official Pharmacy was the practical expansion of the government monopoly system in the field of medicine after the implementation of the Shi Yi Fa.In the middle and later period of the Northern Song Dynasty,the rulers of Shi Yi wu, as a supervisor was the main person in charge of the local Official Pharmacy.After the abolition of the Shi Yi Fa,the institutions levels still played a fundamental role in the unified purchase and distribution mode between central and local governments.The evolution of the Official Pharmacy from the end of the Northern Song Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty was rooted in the contradiction between the profit making and the benefit of the people.The reconstruction of the Official Pharmacy by Huizong from Chongning to Zhenghe was also counterproductive.As a result,the local Official Pharmacy,which were re-established in the middle and later period of the Southern Song Dynasty,no longer had the functional characteristics of “official”,but transformed into charitable medical institutions with medicine donation and free diagnosis.